Pope Clement XI

Giovanni Francesco Albani was born on the 23rd of March, 1649. Unbekn ingestst to completely at the period, this military man would rise to become unmatched of the al about omnipotent policy-ma fag and spiritual leaders of his condemnation. In fact, even sphere powers would act upon to his authority, although his reign as pope would mark the beginning of the decompose of papal power. Albani, leatr to be known as pope soft XI, was born in the town of Urbino, Italy. His family was a terrific family that include senators and prefects. Albani received extensive education in his primarily sexagenarian age, and was send to finish his studies at the Roman College at eleven years old. First known as an author at season eighteen, Albani was soon noniced by Queen Christina of Sweden, who enrolled him in her Royal Academia. He majored in theology and law, and was granted the cognomen of doctor of mandate and civil law. A firm hotshot of strong morals, Albani gained prefer with the Catholic church, and was appointed cardinal-deacon at the age of twenty- maven and hierarch of Rieti at the age of twenty-eight. Due to his righteousness in leading, Albani was rec exclusivelyed to capital of Italy and given the position of Vicar of St. Peter?s, and then subsequent promoted to escritoire of Papal Briefs. As this job requisite an extensive association of Latin, Albani held this position for more than thirteen ears. In 1700, a disaster occurred when the current pope, pope Innocent XII, died. The church building?s sea captain nominee, Cardinal Mariscotti, was rejected by France, afterwards which Cardinal Albani was nem con elected to the prestigious post. Albani was only li years old at the time; very vernal for a pope. At first, Albani was reluctant to receive this position, and for three eld efforts were made to incline him that it was best for the Church. Fin bothy, Albani decided to follow the shoot out of God, and on the 8th of Dec ember, 1700, was enthroned in the Vatican as! Pope kind-hearted XI. Pope diffuse XI accomplished galore(postnominal) bulky achievements during his lifetime. Unlike many corrupt popes before him, he did non bestow clerical offices upon anyone unless he deemed them worthy and capable enough for the role. He did not tolerate corruption in those he had authority oer, and worked well-nigh constantly in an attempt to part the Church and the world that it affected. He improved conditions of prisons, cut back up charities for the poor, and provided food for the human race in times of checkcity. He excessively gained the respect of artists and scientists by prohibiting the exportation of ancient masterpieces, and by pledgeing a big(p) scientist and historian of the time, Francesco Bianchini. He was the first to rig out the Church in the Philippines, as well as direct missionaries all over the world. He added to the Vatican Library at his own expense, donating manuscripts self-possessed by Joseph Assemani in his jour neys through Egypt and Syria. He regularized the synchronising of time by ordering that all clocks in capital of Italy be matched to a sundial. He slept little and ate less, and continuously dedicated his entire attention to any childbed set before him until completed. Unfortunately, this exceptional pope was appointed during a time of international greed and unbelief. France and the Austrian Empire, both vying for the ecological chronological succession to the Spanish throne, brought about his first troubles. Charles II, the latest Spanish king, had died childless, designating in his will that Phillip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, should receive the throne. However, both Austrian emperor thoterfly Leopold and Archduke Charles of Spain resented this succession. Pope forgiving XI elected to catch ones breath neutral during the following contest, but that proved impossible. At first, he hesitantly recognized Phillip V as king of Spain, but when Leopold?s succes sor, Joseph I, invaded the Papal States, the pope was! forced to recognize Archduke Charles as the sensitive Spanish king. From this point onward, Pope benignant XI was held almost in contempt by the majority of European leaders. The quiet of Utrecht, an exceedingly important peace treaty among several(prenominal) European powers, was conducted without regards to the rights of the pope and the Catholic Church. The new Spanish king likewise excluded practically any papal authority over the church in Sicily. Pope kind-hearted XI emphasise to counteract this with an interdict, but the king then banished 3000 clergy who still support the pope. The pope as well as had to provide for these unfortunate clergy.

Pope kind-hearted XI?s two largest religious disagreements occurred with the Chinese Christians and subsequently with the Jansenists. He opposed all ancestor worship in China, despite the fact that much of it was done for cultural traditions primarily than actual worship. As a result, the missionaries were rejected in China, and the missional movement to that country was practically killed off. His last disagreement was with Jansenism, a reformation of Catholicism similar to Calvinism. The schism widened until the pope issued his most famous bull, Unigenitus, condemning 101 Jansenistic propositions. However, this bull caused another fork in the Catholic Church as several cardinals refused to appropriate it. Although Pope Clement XI is most known for scar the beginning of the loss of papal power, this great man also accomplished many great things during his lifetime and at one time was one of most powerful men in the world. But perhaps the most important accomplishment he achieved was a legacy of a godly ma! n, who used all of his resources to serve his God and his world. On March 19th, 1721, Pope Clement XI was finally laid to rest. Bibliography:- ?Pope Clement XI,? climb Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? NNDB, http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000094929/ (May 30, 2008). - ? nemesis of the errors of Paschasius Quesnel,? Papal Encyclicals Online, http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Clem11/c11unige.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Clement XI,? Answers.com, http://www.answers.com/topic/pope-clement-xi (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? Catholic Forum, http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0243.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI: Leading Catholicism 1700-1721,? Suite101.com, http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/catholic_christianity/21137 (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI and Bible Reading by the Laity,? Bible Light, http://biblelight.net/Bible-Clement-XI.htm (May 30, 2008). If you regard to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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