How Gender Roles Are Represented Within Harry Potter

There is a lot of gender representation in The Order of the Phoenix although this is not done purposely by the author, J. K. Rolling where there is a much larger group of main characters who are female. More often than not the male characters are depicted as more fun and easy going throughout the books especially In the first book when Heroine followed the rules to the letter, one of her most memorable lines being, before you get us killed or worse expelled†.However as the series continues Heroine becomes a egger rule breaker than Ron and Harry themselves I. E. Wealth the second book she convinces the other two to â€Å"break about 50 school rules† to discover who was behind the Chamber of Secrets. She Is always shown as the ‘brain' of the group and most of the time she doesn't even have to use magic to help the trio I. E. In the Goblet of Fire she aids Harry to help him win the tournament. Heroine is one of the most noted characters in the book with other characte rs even looking up to her or being awed by her skills I. E. Hen Ron says â€Å"We just haven't got your brains or your memory or your incarceration† or when Monoclonal says to Harry and Ron â€Å"I'm glad you listen to Heroine Granger at any rate† she is referring to the fact the Harry and Ron don't really care to listen to what happens never mind the deeper meaning behind what is being said and that they are more than lucky to have Heroine. The house system is sorted into different categories; Gratifying for the brave, Slithering for the pure blooded and cunning, Reverence for the cleverest and most intellectual and Hopefulness for anybody who could do magic. In the Order of the Phoenix during aTumbleweed's Army practice Terry Boot (a Reverence) says to Heroine, â€Å"How come you're not in Reverence†¦ With brains like yours? † Overall Heroine is generally represented as the backbone of the ‘Golden Trio', who is not only clever and smart but extremel y brave and powerful character. She is shown to be brave in the final book more than any other because here she and Ron tell Harry that they are going to go with him no matter what the consequences are, nearly getting themselves killed. And In the process Heroine had to Impersonate Belletrist Lagrange and was tortured horrifically by her to.

Interpreted language Essay

Interpreted language can be vague, based upon cultural differences. However, language can be compiled or written which strictly distinguishes how language is spoken around the world. Language, in fact, is the foundation of every culture. Language is an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture. It includes: * Speech * Written characters * Numerals * Symbols * Gestures * Expression of nonverbal communication Clearly, languages reflect the priorities of a culture. Unlike some other elements of cultures, language permeates all parts of society. Nations vary dramatically in their tolerance for a variety of languages. By contrast, language structures our thinking and opinions. One step to creating better international understanding is to be conscientious about using language that accurately conveys what we mean. Language knows no political boundaries. Every place in the world has its own unique kind of people. Each member of a sub-cultural deserves respect, since they have their own mix of physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual assets to contribute. Geographically, language is correct in their area. However, in each of these locations, individuals have problems with accents, dialect, and speech rate such as stuttering. Language barrier tend to cause decline in productivity and frustration amongst the company, employees, and customers. Language (Cultural) difference cause barriers in the workplace and it can have a negative effect on the environment at the workplace. Due to growth in diversities in business, companies have to employ different cultures. Companies that fail to accommodate individuals are subject to discrimination lawsuits. Though companies set up different programs in order to combat this problem, cultural diversity continues to grow and issues continue. As organizations introduce diversity, the culture of the workplace will change. People make judgments based on what they already know of their own values and beliefs. When the unknown element is interjected, it causes confusion, fear, and chaos. This forces people to question themselves and defend their beliefs. When organizations increase diversity in the work environment, clashes occur amongst different cultures. Diversity brings in different perspectives, different approaches to problem solving, different visions, different languages, and different expectations. â€Å"Communications, in face-to-face exchanges as well as through company newsletters and training sessions, should be welcoming and should accentuate the positive effects of employing workers with varying talents and accomplishments† (Developing Diversity Initiatives, 1993). Organizations change as they become more diverse. Many changes will cause anger, frustration, and confusion. The introduction of cultural diversity, which includes different languages, causes organizations to go through five stages: * Anger – Workers will resist change and expect others to fit their norms and speak their language. * Passive Regression – People will become withdrawn. There will be little to no sharing of information, which is very important to be successful. * Chaos – Groups form and struggle to regain power. This when discrimination accusations begin to surface. * Reclamation- this where the bridge builders arrive. They bridge the gaps between the groups. Bridge builders can belong to any group, respect other positions, and have pride in their own cultural identities. It is the bridge builders who can act as a link between the groups * Celebration – This is the celebration of a new diverse culture. It is understood by everyone, that language and cultural diversity benefits everyone. The people are not â€Å"uptight† but comfortable and understanding of each other’s culture. This is the longest and most difficult stage for the groups to complete. There are steps that companies can take to prevent civil unrest within an organization. The following steps can be used to prevent confrontation and assist in creating a positive and productive environment: * Purpose – Develop a strong sense of purpose for the employees that transcend all differences including language. A common purpose will keep the working together for the common goal. By developing purpose, the organization is relaying the message that all the different groups and cultures are on the same team and are all one company. * Tell Stories – Stories help connect the groups. Through stories, different groups can relate to each other as people. Stories also give the groups a chance to voice its opinions and concerns. * Self Awareness – Companies should develop self awareness * Within the organization commonly, people are afraid of the unknown. By developing self-awareness, the organization forces the groups to face the unknown and to overcome their fears and insecurities. * Training Programs – Companies should implement training programs to teach the different groups to be culturally aware of one another. The programs should also include language courses to teach communication skills. â€Å"Organizations are adapting a number of approaches to overcome language barriers among employees† (Journal of Business, 2000). English is the universal language of business, and it is only one of several languages spoken in the United States. It is very important for organizations to create an environment where everyone, despite language spoken, is considered equal. Companies are offering training courses and providing translators to make everyone feel comfortable. As the population becomes more diverse and the traditional societies are becomes more mobile, companies are faced with cultural and language issues. It is up to the organization to make sure it is taking all the necessary steps to ensure that groups and cultures effectively work together and is productive. â€Å"Language does more than simply describe reality; it also serves to shape the reality of a culture†(Colorado Business Communication, 1991). Like other forms of language, nonverbal communication is not the same in all cultures. It can take many forms such as facial expressions and visual images to learn nonverbal communication from people who share our same culture. For instance, people with hearing loss communicate using sign language that is another way of communicating. Your signing hand is the hand you write and color with and your other hand is the helping hand. This technique found @ www.signlanguage.org is informative for nonverbal communication. Gesture, body posture, direction of attention, eye contact, level of conversation, and other behaviors are interpreted as signs of inclusion and exclusion. However, there are many layers of communicating further. Verbal language and body language signifies whether the line of interaction is conveyed and not a form of evasiveness. With the perception that English is the universal language, it is not always perceived by all nations or society as a whole. Those of us who do use English do so in spite of our ambiguity towards it, or perhaps because we can find in that linguistic struggle a reflection of other struggles taking place in the real world, struggle between the cultures within ourselves and the influences at work upon our societies. To conquer English may be to complete the process of making ourselves free. As relations grow in the workplace, the social interaction is not the same. For example, when Spanish-speaking employees interact with English-speaking employees some issues that formulate are: which language to speak or when to use an interpreter. In a social setting it is even harder when greeting and addressing people correctly. Thou not to provide a definitive answer to language as related to pronunciation, it is difficult to understand individuals whom speak English but with an accent. Often, individuals are asked repeatedly what is being said in order to convey what was said. Bahri (Language, 2003) states † Language as communication and as culture are then products of each other†¦ Language carries culture, and culture carries, particularly through orature and literature, the entire body of values by which we perceive ourselves and our place in the world†¦Language is thus inseparable from ourselves as community of human beings with a specific form and character, a specific history, a specific relationship to the work.† Language is a critical element of culture. Members of society generally share a common language, which facilitates day-to-day exchanges with others. There are many ways of communicating language in the workforce and, it is not the only way to show a line of interaction to work together but a way of social interaction. The work force is just one avenue to rectify the critical success for today’s employer when diversity by today’s standards is met. References Bahira, Depika (2003). Language. Retrieved April 28, 2004 from website: www.emory.edu/English Colorado Business Magazine, May 1991 v18 pg.37 (3) Duncan, Robert A. (1993). Developing Diversity Initiatives: Definition and Process. Retrieved April 28, 2004 from website: www.ed.gov/databases. Journal of Business Communication v33 pg. 48 Management Review, Dec 1998, pg. 42

Keep Arts in Public Schools Essay

As I scroll through my Instagram feed I see various types of pictures: food, family, homework and a myriad of other subjects. One thing many of the people I see on Instagram do is take pictures in front of old, beat up homes on the east side of Detroit. Why? Well, they are not just beat up homes. They are part of The Heidelberg Project. The Heidelberg project is a live work of art that not only attempts to make beauty out of ruins, but revives Detroit in a way and also makes a political statement of events of the past and today (â€Å"FAQ†). What’s my point? Well, what has made the creator of this project, Tyree Guyton come into this neighborhood and do this? Art. He has a passion for art, and creatively applied it to his surroundings of what seemed like junk and ruins. Guyton had arts in his education and carried it with him in life. Not everybody has to develop some type of passion or love for the arts and make a career out of it, but some people do. Who would play music at events? Who would create music scores for your favorite video games and movies? Design your clothes and homes? Who would act out our favorite plays, movies and musicals? Sure, some people may not be into The Arts, and they may not be very good at it. But how will they be able to find out if they are not given the chance? The government wants to cut arts programs from public schools to ‘save money’ but it is not a wise action. Students will be less well rounded; will lack the advantage of developing specific problem solving and creative thinking skills, make students less motivated to attend school, and also gives them less of a chance to participate in something positive, prevents cultural renewal and hurts the economy more than helps it (Catherine 16). According to Ann Mary, individuals who have arts incorporated into their education end up being ‘more innovative thinkers’ (28). When students have some type of arts class, the tasks each person completes can usually be interpreted in multiple ways and can also be completed in a variety of ways. Even when playing a musical piece, certain parts are not played exactly as written. People can play based on their interpretation where it is available in the sheets. Also, many popular songs today are arranged for playing on musical instruments. Not all arrangements are the same. They may have minor differences, but they could be equally representative as a rendition of the song. Having this freedom in the creative thought process is important to have because in the real word, problems do not always have a specific and designed answer- they can have hundreds of possible solutions with thousands of ways of approaching them, or one solution with hundreds ways of approaching it. Students need to learn how to ‘think outside the box’. Students have also been proven to perform better in school when involved in arts programs (Benham 8). If the only thing left in schools is standardized testing, students will be harmed instead of helped. Standardized tests discourage any type of individual thinking or further thought on the subjects being studied by students because they are so focused on studying for the test and how it is formatted, what type of questions will be asked and which type of answers, how to decipher which is the trick answer and the obviously wrong; they take what they learn at face value and do not think twice of it or strive to learn more. It’s all about the tests, after all. When the tests are over, the information is forgotten like last seasons questionable latest fashion craze that is now replaced with an even more daring fad. Students are turned into one question, one answer, one method zombies that have nothing to receive from their education but black and white packets that determine their grade (Mary 29). School would become less enjoyable for students and they would be less motivated to attend, affecting their attendance (Catherine 17). Students that receive an arts education in school also have the advantage of being more well-rounded compared to students that go to school yet do not participate in any type of extra-curricular or elective type of classes at school. These art-involved students attract the attention of colleges more. Colleges will more likely accept and offer a scholarship to a student who is involved in music, art, or theater opposed to a student who is not involved in any activity. I know this firsthand by being told time and time again by a handful of different teachers and counselors. One of my close friends received a full-time scholarship for her time at college because of her good grades and the music and theater classes she participated in. she is now studying music. In New York, the mayor decided to cut funding for art programs that take place during and after school due to financial crisis (Taylor). This news was discouraging to parents and children and educators. The children who attend these classes most likely enjoy them and learn more than just how to paint or how to cry on spot. They make friends, learn how to work with different types of people, and discover the way things work. Someone may be participating in these activities to avoid going home to a dysfunctional family and take his/her mind off the troubles. Some find it relaxing and fun (Faraj). Some parents work till the evening and feel safer knowing that their child is engaged in a positive after school activity rather than possibly being involved in illegal or dangerous street activity. The individuals that teach these programs lose their jobs and also increase the unemployment rate which does not help the financial crisis. The government’s main reasoning behind the budget cuts is the lack of funds to continue supporting these programs. What the government does not realize is that this will lose money instead of save money (Catherine 16). The people who receive an arts education and decide to make a career out of it may start projects or businesses that pertain to what they do, and also generate more jobs for more people. This would make more tax dollars for the government and also help decrease the unemployment rate. Students that carry their arts education with them will use its benefits towards their career whether they are musicians, physicists, fashion designers, engineers, and more. Personally, I have always loved the arts, especially music. Whenever it is time for music class, I get excited. In elementary school, the class I learned the most in was music. In high school, I took piano class for two years, and even a semester of band. Piano class was the only class where I devoted the most of my efforts and time into that class and feel like I learned the most. When I took band, I learned that all of the concepts that I learned in while learning how to play piano could be applied to playing other instruments. I feel like I have benefited from learning music because it has helped me focus on a task and I learned not to give up right away. My band/piano teacher Mr. Guthre claims, â€Å"Music is the only thing a person can multitask with all while in time. You play a piece of music; think about what you are playing, what you will play next, what mistake you made, all while playing in ‘real ‘time (Guthre). Some people may not really remember their art, music, or theater classes aside from that weird painting they were shown that makes no sense at all, some old piece by Mozart that they learned about (ugh why am I learning this, its so old! ), or the ‘strange’ activities students had to participate to warm up to act out Shakespeare (yet another old guy that is centuries old, yawn), but it has still helped them subconsciously. And for those students that have stuck with anything art related, they will benefit and have the advantages of being well rounded, possessing creative thinking skills and also being able to work effectively in teams while having exceptional problem solving skills. Students will also be engaged in a positive and keeps them motivated overall. The arts are more important than they seem, and the government should reconsider where to make sacrifices to save money.

Become the main attraction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Become the main attraction - Assignment Example This is beneficial given that an event constitutes of many types of people. The establishment of a conversation with the customers is vita given that it enhances customized learning (Levy, 2010). This in turn leads to development of purchasing behavior. This enhances reliable feedback from the potential customers.an event is a primary source hence a marketer is likely to obtain first-hand information regarding the general view of a particular product. According to Levy (2010), marketing requires that the marketer be focused in the particular product. Additionally, display of the products is important because it contributes in the decision making of the buyers (Levy, 2010). This ensures that customers spend much time with the market. This gives the marketer sufficient time to engage the potential buyers on the benefits of the products. Offering of incentives to customers is a vital factor in attraction of the customers. It is also prudent for marketer to organize the venue of his market in a manner that the traffic of people flows to his point of sale. This enhances many sales because many people are able to see and get firsthand information on the products. This article highlights the essentials of marketing in an event setting. In this regard the market ought to be skillful in marketing his products. The wow marketing factor is essential in event marketing because the addling of the customers is important compared t the product information disseminated to the public. The article also highlights the significance of branding in attracting customers. Branding creates a positive perception among the potential customers. It helps in the making of buying decision making. American Marketing association (2010) asserts that the sales person should give special treatment to the potential customers because the impression created in this process is significant in a buying decision making. A marketer will achieve his

Change management of the Airbus Company Term Paper

Change management of the Airbus Company - Term Paper Example Differentiation policy of the Company, people-centered approach, a great attention to the customers’ needs and interests of shareholders are the basic principles of the change management policy development. Thesis: Airbus is a perfect example of strategic management involvement in the process of the company’s development and functioning in the modern global world. Strategic concerns are multi-faceted and focused on the customers’ interests, stakeholders’ involvement, aerospace business profitability and advancement in the international arena. Keywords: aerospace industry, strategic management, profitability and advancement. Change management of the Airbus Company Introduction Airbus and Boeing are two world’s largest developers of aircraft potential of the world. Financial crisis has caused a serious impact on Airbus and the company managed to cope with the crisis rather well. Still, it is relevant to save the amount of production and not to suffer great losses. In spite of the fact that in accordance with prognoses production rates of Airbus were unsustainable, Airbus does not lose its positive mood and makes an attempt to satisfy the needs of the customers, to meet the requirements of the suppliers and to take care of the stakeholders’ interests. ... In order to beat the competition, the Airbus Company makes an attempt to advance â€Å"modern and cheaper transportation, communication and technological development† (Airbus Official Website). Being one of the largest manufacturers of jetliners and airlifters, Airbus has essentially grown â€Å"on the basis of its mission, vision and passion of the employees† (Airbus Official Website) . With regards to the research conducted by McGuire (1997), there are certain key factors, which determine the character of the industry. The following factors may be applicable for the Airbus Company: design, a scale of production, cost reduction strategies, networks, demographics passengers and timing are essential for a potential successful evolution of the country (Airbus Official Website). With respect to Airbus it should be noted that there is a strong development of the Company: â€Å"till the end of August, 2009; Airbus has designed 13 models of aircraft and sold 9,340 units with the strong customer base around the world which makes it passenger friendly using high technology† (Airbus Official Website). Data obtained from the annual review (2005-2009) prove the fact that Airbus achieved an enormous success within the last five years in spite of challenges experienced after the world’s financial crisis (from 22,179 million in 2005 to ?27,453 million in 2008) (Airbus Official Website). There is an evident strategic advancement of Airbus in comparison with Boeing. Yearly sales of airbus increased substantially in comparison with Boeing sales for the last five years (McGuire, 1997). The following strategic steps are beneficial for Airbus advancement in the international arena: the introduction of fly-by-wire, cockpit commonality and configuration of the engines

Business research skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business research skills - Essay Example conomies around the world saw a booming trend and governments in different nations began to play a larger role in American workers pay determination and remuneration. The American government soon ratified the Act Executive order 11246, Title 7 of equal pay within the Civil Rights Act of 1963 (Noe, et al., 2003). In this context, one can cite the case of Nigeria, where Decree of 1987 provided for details of workmen compensation wherein all businesses and companies had to give a workman’s compensations coverage that was designed for the benefit of employees even in case of any injury or incapacity to work while being on the job. The Decree was modified and followed by the Reform Act in 2003, which made it mandatory for companies to have a life insurance policy for each employee, working in favour of employees. Such insurance was to account for a minimum of 3 times the total gross emolument of the employee compensation (Bernadin, 2007). Compensation has a significant effect on success of any organization. This comes through with the treatment of employees as a capital investment. The company should focus towards improvement of their skills and productivity along with the comprehensive human element in the workplace. The prime objective of the compensation design program was to divide the entire compensation format into two basic groups, which were the direct compensation group and the indirect compensation group. Direct compensation is related to direct wages and salaries, while indirect compensation relates to benefits that are enjoyed by workers from the company. It was devised by Cascio (2003) that integration of the two formats contributes towards attainment of organizational goals through employee motivation and content. The term compensation might have quite a few meanings through its diverse attempts to conceptualisation; however, it is usage of the concept that holds more importance. According to views presented by Armstrong and Brown, (2001) it can be

Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Summary - Research Paper Example The New York Times Media Group: The New York Times Media Group comprises of the New comprises of the New York Times which is a daily and Sunday newspaper media house; the New York Times index which is a print publication and in addition producing and licensing the New York Times Index; the International Herald Tribune which is a daily Newspaper; NYTimes.com; Digital Archive Distribution business that is responsible for licensing electronic archive database to resellers of that information in the professional, business, and library markets (Drexler, 2007). The New York Times Media Group is also responsible and management of the New York Times News Services Division (New York Times (Firm), & In Claiborne 1966) The New England Media Group: This segment of New York Times comprises BostonGlobe.com which is a paid subscription Web site; the Boston Globe which is a daily and Sunday newspaper. Boston.com is also part of the New England Media Group. Boston.com is a regional news and information web site. In addition, the New England Media Group comprises of the Worcester Telegram & Gazette which is a daily and Sunday newspaper and Telegram.com (BYERS, 2012). The New England Media Group sells advertisement through various channels that basically include digital, print, niche magazines, direct marketing and internet radio and events (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2007). The company has started in a strong financial background this 2014. This is because of a strong finish of the year 2013. The New York Times’ operating profit for the 3rd of 2013 before depreciation, severance, and amortization was nearly $40 million. This represents 35% increase from the same year 2012 which was $30 million (Verbeke, 2013). During the same quarter of 2013, the company increased overall revenue by 2% with the continued building of the digital scriber numbers and notable sequential improvement in print advertising revenue trends.

Health Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Information Systems - Essay Example Medical informatics started in the US when the computers and microchips were introduced in the 1950s. In 1949, the first professional informatics organization was founded by Gustav Wager in Germany. Programs that trained individuals on informatics systems began in France in the 1960s which became common in the United States and Europe by the 1970s. Initially, health informatics systems were used for purposes like billing and patient admissions/discharges. (Neujahr). The technological advances made in the field of computers contributed to the rapid spread of health informatics systems. The relationship between doctors and people has also drastically changed with the introduction of medical informatics, since people are not ignorant of the health issues they are likely to face. Information regarding symptoms, causes and diagnosis is made available to all individuals, enabling them to identify their problem. People are usually aware of the health issue before they approach a doctor for diagnosis. Health informatics on the internet has made professionals more equitable since they have the advantage of learning of medical and clinical procedures immediately, without having to search for books on the particular technique or to consult other professionals. The physician is expected to have wide knowledge of all disciplines of medicine as all information is made available to the client or the patient. Internet forms the site of a new struggle over expertise in health that will transform the relationship between the health professions and their clients. (Hardey, 2009). A number of health informatics organizations have been developed by the government to provide reliable information on all kinds of health issues. For instance, the United States Federal Government has developed a health informatics site, healthfinder.gov. It provides guidelines to healthy living and personalized health advice by professionals to enable the

Organizational Culture Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Culture Analysis - Research Paper Example The presence of continues disagreements on the shared values or lack of commitment by the staff members is a sign of weak organizational culture and it is usually not healthy for any given company. Some of the strongest values that the employees of the company that I worked for termed, as being important to them are that of honesty, trust, quality production, and discipline amongst others. Consistency is one of the primary values that the employees viewed as being most important (Baack, 2012). Consistency in the duties that we performed in the company accompanied by a high degree of precision together led to an improvement in the general performance and production of the company. The behavior of each and every employee acting as a role model for the other also acted as a strong culture that helped in the smooth running if the organization. The above culture helped in making the employees be responsible for whatever action they did in the company (Baack, 2012). Being responsible tends to reduce the conflicts between the management and the employees themselves that in turn lead to strong relationships between the parties. The result of this was improved production. Another key culture that existed in the company is that of attention to details that lead to the creation of a very strong production culture with lots of accuracies. In this value, the employees paid full attention in the process of production. The process then ensured that quality was achieved and at the same time, the deadlines for production were met too. The production of high-quality goods was another organizational culture that governed our work in the company (Baack, 2012). Each employee was supposed to work in his or her line of production while ensuring that the full production procedures were followed to ensure the production of high-quality products. The employees were given the opportunity to start or stop the production process if they noticed any fault in the production line

The communicative art of language a learning Essay Example for Free

The communicative art of language a learning Essay The existence of the diversity of Language made the communication ideas between people difficult enough because of language differences. It also affects the interaction of the teachers with their students who lacks the necessary need of the knowledge about the second language development. With these, a concept is made to introduce the process of acquiring language that involves the 5 major stages of language learning. The use of Language is a special human ability and the more advance use of it means to have added control to deal with the world where communication is the major outlet of understanding. Both in the lives of the children and the adults, there is a certain call to transmit the ideas and information they know and this is where the necessity to put all these into words and gestures comes in. One difficulty with language study is that, particularly, the learner has a language barrier that is uprooted from what is taught to them from the start. This scene occurs especially inside a classroom where a group of students could not process out what their instructor is saying due to the limited resources available to support the new language that are being introduced to them. From here, there is a concept developed to divert the second language acquisition to these students (from their teachers) which includes undergoing the five major stages of language learning that could be used as key concepts in applying the second language development in their very own classrooms. The Silent / Receptive or Preproduction Stage First of the five stages is the silent period that requires the skillful listening training. It is more focused on listening because in this early stage, students are not required to speak nor the teachers to force them to respond verbally. Here, gestures and facial expression is much needed by the students to show that they understand what is being said. Although there are some students who acquire enough self – confidence to produce their own generate language, it is best for them to give off some time understanding the new words or ideas to be receptive enough to them for further advance use. This stage usually can last from ten hours to six months, depending on the student’s capability to perceive. This initial stage shows the set-up wherein student starts to familiarize him / her self to the words or instructions offered to them and what it literally means. Though listening and understanding may be simple enough to do at the same time, students may face special conditions that may affect the usual length of time this stage may undergo. First, the environment could not be suitable enough for mere interaction as students may not apprehend the new language or what is being said because of the interference occurring around. He / she may not be comfortable enough to go along with the discussion and so as the lesson being taught to them. Second, the student could be directly affected by the personality of the speaker (which is the teacher) whose voice, gestures and presence are as often as the words being spoken. Thus there, this stage needs not only the adequate training for students but also of the teacher involve. Instructors could easily introduce the new language to the students at this early stage by doing the traditional teaching procedures such as; asking the students with queries that are subjected to be answerable with a yes or a no, initiate whole class activities that pose students to participate freely and willingly etc,. They could also encourage their students by letting them communicate on their own in form of games such as charades (which requires a lot of hand gestures and facial expressions). The Early Production Stage The early production stage enters when students could respond over 1000 active words and use them in everyday conversations. Awareness is needed in this stage because students are asked to speak in phrases or demonstrate what they know and even answering questions even with only one word. Soon students are given their freedom to relate their opinion over things with the kind of speech behavior with repetitive language patterns. Their words should be clear, precise and direct applying to the dialogue and questions asked to them. This second stage of language learning last an additional six months subsequent to the initial stage of training. But in this stage, there are things that may hinder the progress of the said language concept. One of these is that they may lose interest to respond simply because of the errors upon on their pronunciation of words or grammar. When they are corrected for over several times, the students may later learn not to respond anymore and could result into repeating again the first step of the conversation. Another is that the student may find it difficult to respond because of the lack of suitable to answer the questions being asked to them. Because of the demand to use what they have learned, they may be found it hard to alter the appropriate phrase the teacher had provided for them to respond with. The stage is eventually believed to be the first step for the development of speech usage in discussions and conversations and therefore, should be given enough time for the students to be able to understand again and again. Here, the teacher should be experimental in shifting working tactics to make learning a lot easier and fun. The teacher may ask the student certain things only answerable with a yes/ no, or just by giving short answers or in instances, requiring the students of their own opinion by nodding or shaking off their heads. With these, they would feel the security of being in a group that shares in a certain expression of thought.

Feminism and the Body in Art

Feminism and the Body in Art Modernism is described usually as a movement and a tendency to provoke reflection and an individual character. During this period, art was seen to be set in its ways and people wanted to expand with new ideas and not stay in the lines of colour and structure. This movement was a representation of alternative modes for literature, art, photography and film. Its intention was to find new hidden meaning in human kind and use them to the best of their ability in experimentation. I feel therefore I exist. (Internet Archive Jean Jacques) The Oxford English Dictionary refers to postmodernism as a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions. (Internet Oxford Dictionary) Post Modernism didnt seem to have a theory, it was what it was, which meant it had smaller narratives and people gained the knowledge to do something with it. This is also portrayed in what was thought to be the start date of post modernism as no one really knows when modernism ends and postmodernism starts, what it does illustrate is cultural thinking and the way we live, what came with this is the reaction to what people thought modernism was. People rejected the thought of perfection but wanted design and purpose. Known for her conversation on bodies, sexuality and gender Carolee Schneemanns work is fundamentally characterized by research into visual convention. Schneemann focuses on the body as an individual and its relationship in general. Schneemanns family was largely supportive of her enjoyment of freeness with her body. As a child, her friends described her as a mad pantheist, due to her relationship and respect for nature'(Kate Haug p114) Schneemann cites her earliest connections between art and sexuality to her drawings from ages four and five, which she drew on her fathers prescription tablets (Linda Montano p135) Carolee Schneemann started her art career as a painter in the late 1950s. Neo-Dada was something that had because an accruing characteristic in her work, adopting box structures coupled with expressionist brushwork. These were shared with Robert Rauschberg using heavy textural characteristics. Schneemann described the atmosphere in the art community at this time as misogynistic and that female artists of the time were not aware of their bodies. These works integrated influence by artists such as Post-Impressionist painter Paul CÃ ©zanne and the issues in painting brought up by the abstract expressionists. (internet archive Jane Harris) Schneemann chose to focus on expressiveness in her art rather than accessibility or stylishness. Still describing herself as a formalist, unlike other feminist artists she didnt want to distance herself from male-oriented art history. Schneemann acknowledges that she is often labelled as a feminist icon and that she is an influential figure to female artists, but she also notes that she reaches out to male artists as well. Though she is noted for being a feminist figure, her works explore issues in art and rely heavily on her broad knowledge of art history. Though works such as Eye Body were meant to explore the processes of painting and assemblage, rather than to address feminist topics, they still possess a strong female presence. Revolving herself around sexual expression and liberation Schneemann decided not to revolve around victimization and repression of women. According to artist and lecturer Johannes Birringer, Schneemanns work resists the political correctness enforced by some branches of feminism as well as ideologies which feminists claim are misogynist, such as psychoanalysis. He also asserts that Schneemanns work is difficult to classify and analyze as it combines constructivist and painterly concepts with her physical body and energy.'(Kristine Stiles p3) In her 1976 book CÃ ©zanne, She Was a Great Painter, Schneemann wrote that she used nudity in her artwork to break taboos associated with the kinetic human body and to show that the life of the body is more variously expressive than a sex-negative society can admit. She also stated, In some sense I made a gift of my body to other women; giving our bodies back to ourselves. She preferred her term art historical (without the h), so as to reject th e his in history (Bonnie Marranca Review) While Jo Spence being a surliest and a feminist started her art life working on documentaries, which was very motivated by her political views. Spreading her working life across various camera projects, including being the founder of Hackney Flashers in 1974. After being diagnosed with cancer, Spence became particularly fascinated with the doctor patient relationship Passing through the hands of the medical profession can be terrifying when you have breast cancer.'(Jo Stanley article) Spence decided to document everything that was happening to her through photography, a piece taken while she had a mammograph done truly showed the brutality of her illness as she put her whole body under the scrutiny of one machine making her an active subject in her work. After a lumpectomy, Spence decided to undertake the holistic approach to cancer and underwent various Chinese medicine treatments, as she felt no need for chemotherapy or radioactive drugs. She also decided to use photography as a healing drug putting the emotion and passion into her work as she felt like cancer was able to take everything else. Through phototherapy she managed to capture the relationship between the doctor and the patient, her feelings towards cancer and the powerlessness as a patient. All of this was a need for Jo Spence to portray as not only a patient but a feminist. She was particularly interested in the perception of the breast as substance of desire, a medium for nourishing babies, and finally in her case of breast cancer, as a possession to be installed in the hands of the medical institution. This is what has really inspired me with her work, and her experience during her suffering of cancer. This is demonstrated in her photo of her breast, marked with pen t he property of Jo Spence? where she appears to question her rights over her own body, using the breast as a metaphor for womens struggle to become an active subject. (Bonnie Marranca Review) She puts no limits on her work and covers many social issues while her own pain. Jo Spence really makes me think about the body as a subject rather than an object. Thinking about the body and what it is used for, you never expect it to be destroyed by such an evil mass and this is what Jo Spence looks at. I think Spence has a certain power over her work and having such a raw quality which she uses to her best advantage, this is something I can only hope to achieve in my future work. After looking at her work I can only appreciate her time going through her ordeal of cancer, as I have only been a witness to what cancer can do no one can fully understand it until you go through it. Spence using photography captures the story but what cant be told. Internet Archive The Confessions Of Jean Jacques Rousseau Now For The First Time Completely Translated Into English With Out Expurgation Volume II [internet] [accessed 15.11.2009] http://www.archive.org/stream/confessionsofjea012146mbp/confessionsofjea012146mbp_djvu.txt The Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press 2009 [internet] [accessed 15.11.2009] http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/postmodernism?view=uk Journal Haug, Kate (1998). An Interview with Carolee Schneemann (1) P 114 (accessed 20.11.2009) Montano, Linda (2001). Interview with Linda Montano. Imaging Her Erotics: Essays, Interviews, Projects (accessed 20.11.2009) Morgan, Robert C.1997. Carolee Schneemann: The Politics of Eroticism. Art Journal 56 (4): pp. 97-100 (accessed 20.11.2009) Harris, Jane (1996). Review / Carolee schneemann http://www.plexus.org/review/harris/schneemn.html (internet) (accessed 20.11.2009) The Art of Transgression. Jo Stanley, editor. Routledge.1995 (accessed 20.11.2009) Stiles, Kristine (2003). The Painter as an Instrument of Real Time. Imaging Her Erotics: Essays, Interviews, Project (accessed 22.11.09) Marranca, Bonnie (1999). Book Review: Bodies of Action, Bodies of Thought: Performance and Its Critics p20 (accessed 22.11.09) Bonnie (1999). Book Review: Bodies of Action, Bodies of Thought: Performance and Its Critics p41 (accessed 22.11.09)

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children

Effect of Parent Addiction on Children Antonio Latham Children of Parents with Addiction Drug and alcohol addiction is prevalent in America. Within the U.S., there has been an increasing emphasis and mounting research on how parental addiction impacts the lives of children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This alarm is being powered in part by the escalation of disturbing incidents involving extreme neglect and abuse that children of drug or alcohol addicted parented subject them to (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Studies now show that children who reside with parents who suffer from any substance addiction are likely to be unstable, demonstrate severe emotional and behavioral issues (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Moreover, this present great challenges for children matriculating through school (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). These children are frequently exposed to one or both substance dependent parents that are unstable and chaotic places where drugs and criminal activity occur regularly (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). For U.S. citizens working with such families and children, it is impo rtant to recognize substance abuse early and confront the difficult needs of parents with substance addiction and those of their children (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). Over the last several years, researchers and advocates of child’s rights have developed advanced strategies and programs that have facilitated innovative guidelines for a more efficient, cooperative, and holistic approach to helping the parent and child (Barnard McKeganey, 2004). This paper will analyze the behavioral, academic, and development problems associated with growing up in a household where a parent suffers from drug or alcohol addiction. Additionally, this paper will provide information on the connection between substance addiction and child neglect. It will also explore explains approaches for prevention, intervention, and treatment that including examples of effective programs and practices. Behavioral, Academic, Development Impact When mothers or fathers abuse substances, this greatly impact the behavioral, academic, and development growth of the children. Studies show that these children are more likely to suffer signs of depression and anxiety, experience mental instability and display conduct problems (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). All of these issues have both long-term and short-term effects; in which will determine the life trajectory these children will follow. Academically, these children often score lower on school academic exams and exhibit various signs of struggles in school such continued conflict with peers (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Children of parents with addiction may demonstrate behaviors that are difficult for their addicted parents to effectively handle (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). This can produce unreliable parenting and the likelihood the child will be removed from their parental homes. Studies on children’s behavioral issues reveal that children of drug abusers exhibit some of the following characteristic: lack of compassion for other individuals; reduced social interaction and interpersonal engagement; low self-confidence; and defiance against authority (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). For proper development, children need positive social and emotional reinforcement, especially from their parents. Children are more capable of reaching their optimal potential if they experience steady, certain, enhanced, and motivating relations with their family and other relationships (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). A lack of this has been generally linked to developmental problems for the child. For instance, when a child suffers repeated instance of neglect from the parent, especially during the young developmental stages, activation of the stress response systems is severally damaged (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). The often result in the child responding to normal situations in a threatening or alarm manner (McKeganey, Barnard, McIntosh, 2002). Long-term Impact for Children Children of substance-addicted parents will often have lingering effects long into adulthood that will impact their maturity (Haggerty, Skinner, Fleming, Gainey, Catalano, 2008). Although it is important to note that not all children will experience long-term consequence, however, they may have an increased vulnerability. Parental substance addiction can have a plethora of long-term effects on their physical well-being (Haggerty et al, 2008). These include poor brain development and increased chances of obesity and malnutrition (Haggerty et al, 2008). The more instantaneous emotional effects of parental substance addiction produce feelings of loneliness, depression anxiety, and an unwillingness to trust (Haggerty et al, 2008). These can translate into permanent mental consequences in adulthood, including low self-worth, insecurity, and relationship problems (Haggerty et al, 2008). Research steadily reveals an increased probability that children who have lived with substance addicted parents will eventually take on negative habits such as smoking, abusing alcohol, or engaging in illegal drugs (Haggerty et al, 2008). Prevention Intervention Strategies To end the cycle of destruction and decrease the possibility of lasting effects, researchers agree that there must be continued development and implementation of methods to prevent substance addiction from occurring and dangerously effecting children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). While experts concede that the causes of substance addiction and its effects on children are complex, it is probable to formulate prevention strategies that tackle recognized risk factors (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Prevention initiatives are best to thwart the onslaught of the mental and physical effects children are likely to have when growing up in a home where a parent is addicted to drugs or alcohol. The best prevention method is identifying children who live within these homes and provide support for both child and parent. Researchers encourage inspiring intellectual, emotional, societal, and physical experiences for children through various outlets (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). According to Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009), prevention methods should first involve understanding important principles of healthy growth and development for children that will help to identify sensitive or possible threatening issues in homes and within the child. Academic institutions play a crucial role in prevention as well as intervention (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Schools should be adequately informed on application and testing of educational and prevention programs as well bringing additional awareness to the issue (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Once the issue has occurred, the next best course of action is intervention. Fraser, McIntyre, and Manby (2009) explains that because of the greater risks associated with parental substance addiction, it is especially significant for schools and child services personnel to thoroughly assess thoroughly the needs of the children to effectuate the most beneficial change. Intervention revolves around providing a home environment that is safe, predictable, and nurturing for the children (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Moreover, intervention should entail family-centered treatment programs that provide care for parents in facilities where children are allowed and are able to aid in the healing of parent and child (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Ultimately, proper intervention will use other family members without addiction issues to help restore balance and harmony within the child. Conclusion The body of research on children with addiction continues to grow and highlight many alarming issues, such as child abuse and neglect. This type of environment affects the child in many ways including behaviorally, academically, and developmentally (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). Though the effects may vary contingent on many variables, the potential for destruction create enough social panic for proper prevention and intervention strategies. Researchers are encouraging appropriate recognition and responses to this epidemic in a way that effect national policies (Fraser, McIntyre, Manby, 2009). It is vital for this nation to allocate as much resources as possible to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention tactics and services. References Barnard, M., McKeganey, N. (2004). The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help?. Addiction, 99(5), 552-559. Fraser, C., McIntyre, A., Manby, M. (2009). Exploring the impact of parental drug/alcohol problems on children and parents in a midlands county in 2005/06. British Journal of Social Work, 39(5), 846-866. Haggerty, K. P., Skinner, M., Fleming, C. B., Gainey, R. R., Catalano, R. F. (2008). Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. Addiction, 103(12), 2008-2016. McKeganey, N., Barnard, M., McIntosh, J. (2002). Paying the price for their parents addiction: meeting the needs of the children of drug-using parents. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 9(3), 233-246.

Sensitive Groups And Social Issues :: essays research papers

Sensitive Groups and Social Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors have contributed to the heightened awareness of sensitive groups and social issues where marketing is concerned. The article Sensitive Groups and Social Issues has brought to light the causes, pitfalls, pro-active strategies, and benefits of addressing these social issues. Due to the fact that consumer markets and values are constantly changing, it is important to address these issues head on. A few of the key issues discussed in the article that relate to the text readings are the marketing concept, social responsibility, and changing demographics. Addressing such issues will not only satisfy the sensitive and social groups involved, but open new and potentially profitable opportunities for companies that do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main points that I found useful in the article was how marketing to sensitive and social groups paralleled that of the marketing concept. Successful companies have to fill the needs and wants of their consumers. Sensitive and social groups are part of every companies market. Each company's products and services should be customized to that of their customers. This is called mass customization. How a company defines its social responsibility is also part of the marketing concept. If a company does not care to be viewed as socially responsible, then they will not care how they market products to those groups and the company will suffer. Relationship marketing is a part of the marketing concept and strongly applies to this article. A company wants to build trust with its customers in order to build customer loyalty and a long-term bond. This gives the customer a value-added feature of doing business with a particular company. In marketing orientated companies, the customer's needs have to be targeted and different social classes or issues need to be taken into account. If a company does not take different sensitive and social groups into account when marketing, then they will not build a feeling of goodwill with the consumers. The consumer will think that the firm cares more about selling its goods than the consumer. The firm's social responsibility should be taken into account and work hand-in-hand with the marketing concept. A firm's interests may not portray societies best interests. This is where the societal marketing concept comes into play. Our text states that the marketing concept can be work together with social responsibility. The firm must extend the breadth and time dimension of its marketing goals.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Death and Rebirth :: Odyssey essays

Odyssey Death and Rebirth in the Odyssey The Odyssey, by Homer, is a classical piece of Greek literature. Throughout The Odyssey, the Blind Bard makes use of many literary techniques in order to lend meaning to the poem beyond its existence as a work of historic fiction and aid his readers in the comprehension of the tale. One of these techniques is the use of motifs. A motif is a recurring theme that is used throughout the work. In The Odyssey, Homer makes use of many motifs including eating/drinking, Odysseus's anger, bathing, and disguise, just to name a few. However, perhaps the most important of Homer's motifs is the symbolic death and rebirth theme. This motif is used throughout The Odyssey to emphasize the growth and enlightenment of the characters. The first example of this motif occurs with Telemachos early in the text. Telemachos, in book I, is visited by the goddess Athena in disguise. In their conversation, Telemachos reveals the pain and suffering that he is experiencing as a result of living without knowing the status of his father, fearing that he is dead. ". . . and he left pain and lamentation to me. Nor is it for him alone that I grieve in my pain now (The Odyssey, Latimore, I. 242-3)." Symbolically, at this point in the text, Telemachos is dead. He is willing to take no action to save his home from the suitors or take any initiative to determine the status of his missing father. However, his symbolic death is not without a rebirth. Athene, disguised as Mentes, brings Telemachos back to life. She convinces him that he must take action to preserve his household and determine the fate of his father. This prompts Telemachos to take over his father's role in the household and journey forward to gather information about his missing father. His rebirth is further carried out in the story when he is reunited with his father; together, the two act to regain control of their household from the derelict suitors. The next example of the death and rebirth motif occurs with our introduction to the story's main character and hero, Odysseus. Homer introduces Odysseus on the Kalypso's island. On a purely literal level, Odysseus's stay with Kalypso

Alcohol Essay Prompt

Lowering Drinking Age The United States should lower the drinking age from twenty one to eighteen, since people are allowed to smoke, vote, and join the selective service at this age. Young teens are already smoking, which can cause more harm than drinking. Voting rights are only allowed for mature adults; if they are able to vote, they should be allowed to drink. By joining the selective service they are putting their lives at risk to defend the country. Being able to drink should be awarded for them risking their own lives just to save others. First, they can smoke cigarettes at age eighteen, and cigarettes are just as bad as drinking. Both of these things can cause problems towards someone’s health. Smoking and alcohol both can damage the liver, and cause heart diseases. If anything, they shouldn’t let people with bad health smoke or drink, rather than the factor being age. The health of someone is more important more than their age. Someone may be twenty one with a lung disease that didn’t come from smoking, but if they smoke it’s only going to get worst. On the other hand, if someone is eighteen, and they have no health problems at all, they should be able to smoke if they want to even though they may gain personal health problems. If they do, then that’s when they should stop smoking and get treatment. Basically, people with good health should be able to smoke or drink, but if they develop any type of health issues, they should see a doctor or stop immediately if it gets bad. Second, the United States will let us vote, but refuse to let us drink at our own risk. People at the age of eighteen should have the same privileges as people who are twenty-one or older, they are both adults. If the drinking age were changed to 18, colleges would be able to regulate alcohol use, so students would not become overly intoxicated, just like colleges have rules for smoking. Since most students who are eighteen drink already, they may get ecstatic if drinking was allowed and actually follow the rules. Lastly, Joining the selective service is a serious job that takes a lot of responsibility and maturity. If someone can have a serious job like that, they should be mature enough to drink alcohol. Age should not matter when it comes to drinking, some people who are twenty one years or older act like their the teenagers sometimes. They may drink just for the fun of it or abuse drinking alcohol, so why should it matter how old someone is. Adults should be able to make their own choices. Students who are sixteen years of age can decided to drop out of high school, people at age eighteen can smoke, citizens are able to join the selective service, but people can’t drink until age twenty one. What kind of sense does that make? If people that are eighteen have an option of attending college, how come they cant decide if they want to drink. A person who is twenty-one or eighteen are both considered adults. Age doesn’t make a difference. Basic Writing 4-4:50 Professor Watson 11/21/11

Gender Segregation

Davis Anderson Sociology 3337 Prof. Korinek October 23, 2012 Group 7 Analysis of: Revisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a â€Å"glass escalator† when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation.The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladder to administrative and supervisory positions much easier and faster than women. Throughout the article, they explain the methods used to gather the data, both quantitative and qualitative and provide a plethora of information such as level of education, employment setting, number of years worked, personal interviews etc. They also break down the data and refute claims that although widely belie ved, may be false. It is somewhat ironic that the topic of this week’s thought-piece paper is on the sexual segregation of nursing.Just about a week ago I was sitting in the orthodontists office and I looked over at the staff photos on the wall. Dr. Pobanz was in the middle with about 10 ladies on each side of him. That made me go back and think, and I came to the realization that I have never seen a male besides the doctor working in a dentist or orthodontist office. Although it is not exactly a nursing position, it is a similar occupation and I would imagine has similar statistics concerning sex segregation. In my mind, it is just expected that most all nurses are female.It seems that back a few decades ago males were unheard of in the nursing field, but today they are becoming more common. It is interesting that this occupation is so stereotypical female that studies of this magnitude are conducted. So why is it that nursing is so dominated by females? Well, nursing is ass ociated with caring for others, being affectionate, and serving under someone of higher ranking. Males face strong societal pressure that steer them from entering occupations such as this as they do not want to be perceived as feminine or gay because of the nature of their job.Only 5. 5 percent of nurses in 2000 were men, a very small minority. Many people think that of the few men that are in the nursing field, it is easier for them to move up to higher ranking positions. The face is that in administrative and supervisor positions women are just about as likely as men to hold those spots. The problem is that many people believe the societal stereotype that it is easier for men to gravitate toward the top positions, when in reality it is just about the same for both sexes.In the article, Carol Kleinman is referenced when she says that men, relative to women, enjoy systematic advantages in the nursing industry in terms of promotion and hiring (p273). The findings from this research s uggest something very different than the assumptions of others. â€Å"As shown in Table 3, men do not receive higher returns for education, nor is there a significant interaction between years as a nurse and sex. These results suggest that, contrary to the glass escalator hypothesis, men are not promoted earlier in their career to top positions. (p281) The data suggests that rather than there being a segregation of male and females vertically among the sectors of nursing, horizontal segregation is much more likely, meaning grouping of gender in specialized areas is common. Certain areas seem to be made up of more of one gender than the other. For example, men are over represented in ICU, OR, and ER while women are over represented in outpatient, post anesthesia, labor/delivery, and general medical-surgical departments (p286).When interviewed about why they chose their specialization, men seemed aware of the gender connotations of their job, while women rarely mentioned it as a fact or. This is a direct cause of why segregation across different areas of work is much more prevalent than segregation through the administrative ranks. The name nurse often carries with it negative connotations in the eyes of males. It is inherently feminine in its perception and plays a large role in scaring men away or causing them concern about what others think and leading them into positions that are thought of as more manly.Nursing is unique in the wide range of specializations that it offers, and that may play a part as to why horizontal segregation is so widespread as opposed to vertical. Oftentimes males seek positions of prestige and in nursing those desires may be filled by working in masculine roles as opposed to higher-ranking positions that would typically validate success in other professions. From the data gathered and personal accounts reviewed, it seems that men chose positions thought of as more masculine based primarily on fulfilling the conceptions of gender iden tity.Financial interests and personal desires do have an effect, but it seems that sticking to the gender â€Å"rules† is the largest factor in determining the careers of practicing male nurses. The data in this study is vast and complex. It is hard to determine the sole contributor to the occurrence of gender segregation in the nursing practices. So many factors play into every individuals decisions, but signs point overall to an adherence to gender norms and affirmation for males that their occupation is not completely a woman’s job.

Diversity Reflection Journal Essay

Powell addresses a number of stereotypes and one of them is that women lack male characteristics, which are much appreciated in management. They are less aggressive and more compassionate, which make them not as valuable as men in managerial positions. Even though female leadership becomes more and more common in the world, women still have to prove that their really deserve to have those positions. Moreover, they have to cope with various attitudes concerning their behavior and decisions. Most of them are quite different from traditionally male, ambitious, self-confident, straightforward managers cultivated in the world. They are perceived as to be milder more compassionate, less solid in their opinions, weaker as personalities. Even though I do approve the increase of women in business and management, reading this book it has become clear to me that in some way my opinions and attitudes are affected by this old and very widespread stereotype about female and male roles at work. This stereotype strongly influences my perception of diversity at work because it some way it shows that men are better at decision-making, planning, negotiations and management at all. Women receive the role of reformers, support and other roles, which are to follow someone at work. This stereotype also sends me back to the way of perceiving women as being weaker than men. Influenced by this stereotype, they are perceived as having less power to influence other people, control them. Also, there are seen as less respected that their male colleagues. Of course, in some cases when I know the background of a person I can assess him or her without reference to this stereotype, but when it comes to generalization, especially when I hear about misfortunes of the company, for me it is much better to blame management and refer to gender than to estimate the failure as coincidence. I am not poisoned by this stereotype and in most of the cases I catch myself thinking in this wrong way, but sometimes such thoughts still appear and I cannot remove them from my mind completely. This perception of females was formed under the classical thought that women are weaker than men. This thought is still common because most of world societies are patriarchal. I have formed my perception of gender based on my family. There is a clear gender stratification of mother’s work and father’s work. Mother was more likely to look after kids, cook and do all other things women usually did. Father did different male things like repairing the car, maintaining something in the house etc. In fact, I perceived mother’s work to be easier that father’s work and it made an impression and constant thoughts that mother could not do the same things my father did. This way of thinking is extremely difficult to overcome because it appeared when I was a child. When I was born, people used to think and behave in a bit different way they do now. Today parents tend to share their work around the house, pay equal attention to their children and participate in their upbringing equally. When I was a child, it was a common thing to look at everything through gendered prism. In this way, it is not surprising that I think in this way. Though, I think that this stereotype is dying in our society today. In order to reinforce my thoughts and perceptions, I can encounter several examples. First of all, it is the success of Apple. I cannot imagine any women who can organize the same company and become the same popular. I attribute most of the success of the company to Steve Jobs and his managerial skills. Other successful corporations like Google or Microsoft are founded and managed by men, which is not a surprise for me. However, recently I have found out that HTC founder and CEO is female, and that was a really great surprise for me. It is not a secret that the number of women obtaining top managerial positions is increasing day by day; roles of the best of the best managers are associated with male managing styles. In the world of technology most companies belong to men and the achievement of CEO if HTC achievement challenges my perception of women in business. The second thing is that there have been no female presidents in the history of the United States. People tend to rely on men more than on women. Mrs. Clinton wanted to change the situation but failed. It shows that most people still count on their stereotypical perception of females more than on objective reality, which clearly states that women already can do something to prove their ability to manage something starting from their own company to a huge business or the whole country. People do advocate that men and women have the same opportunities today, but, overall, there are many stereotypes, which work against women and cannot be removed at once. There are some world countries, where presidents are female, but they create a minority out of all world countries. These facts show that women still need to prove that they can achieve the same success because of societal pre-attitude to their abilities, performance and ideas. Biased attitude to gender at work is experienced by every person in the United States. In my life, I had many examples of biased attitude to women as well as men. For instance, once we were asked to move to the conference hall for meeting and there were not enough chairs for all of us to sit. It was clear that male employees were asked to bring more chairs because they were male. To add to the point, the stereotype â€Å"male equals strong† was not common at that case because most of female employees were into sports as outrageous followers of healthy lifestyle. The opposite things happened when all employees, as a part of team-building, decided to watch the movie after work. Everything was fine, but female employees were asked to prepare some snacks (order a delivery) because they knew better what was good for their company. These are minor things but they take place almost everywhere. People still follow old gender stratification model typical for patriarchal societies, where men get everything and women hide in the shadow of their success. America is moving to the acceptance of a new neutral model of gender stratification where both genders deserve equal treatment. Yet, people cannot forget their long history and change their attitudes practices by millenniums in 10 years. Even I, as a representative of a younger generation, cannot get rid of all the old stereotypes about gender at work. References: Powell, G. (2010). Women and Men in Management, 4th Edition By N. W.

Human Body Systems Essay

The human cell is said to be a living thing because it is a basic functional unit of any living organism. Thus it performs the most detailed functions like energy generation, facilitating tissues functions, hence organism control. Body cells feed, grow, respire, excrete and can die. A cell is the smallest basic unit of life. It is made up of chemical substances such as atoms, ions and molecules that are important for life. The body is made up of different types on cell. For instance, egg cell, muscle cell, rode cells found in the eye, sperm cell, hair cell and nerve cell. Each of these different types of cell performs different functions in the body of the organism. Different cells are joined together through biological processes to form tissues, for example, epithelia tissue and muscles tissue. More so, different tissues unite to form different organs. An organ is formed of two or more tissues that collectively undertake a specific function in the body of an organism. Some examples of organs are the stomach, heart, kidney, lungs, and liver. When a number of organs are coordinated together towards a certain body function they form a system. The human body has eleven major systems which include the digestive, respiratory, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, muscular and urinary systems. As discussed earlier the livelihood of an organism depends entirely on the functionality of each particular cell, tissue, organ and system. For example, the reproductive system is responsible for the propagation of genetic material to new organisms of the same species. The system results from the organization of reproductive cells, tissues and organs. In other wards, if each particular cell, tissue, organ and system functions effectively within its role the organism must be sustained alive. All the body systems are interlinked to form a fully functioning organism It is worth noting that for any cell or tissue and body part to function effectively it must be supplied with enough energy. The process by which energy is made available to cells and organs is metabolism. This process ensures an endless flow of matter and energy via an interlinked set of connections of chemical reactions within the cell, tissues, organs and organ systems. This results in a sustainable and continuous supply of body building materials, constant body repair and development of the organism. Generally, biological life is maintained by metabolism which involves food intake, digestion and its subsequent transformation into energy source for the cells. Food plays a vital role in the growth and development of body cells hence organisms’ health and life satiability. All living thing feed, grow, reproduce, move, breath and die. Food intake necessitates growth, development, reproduction, breathing, digestion, excretion, movement of organisms. Organisms are categorized in to five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protisti and bacteria. The fetal pig and human are related in their body systems since they are all animals. They are further classed in to mammals which bring them closer in terms of organ systems such as respiration, digestion, reproduction and endocrine systems. Thus when a fatal pig grows, its body functions the same as that of and adult pig except for a few systems. The development processes involved in pigs is similar to that of humans. In conclusion, body systems are formed by organs, which are formed by tissues resulting from cells. A living organism sustains its life and health through internetworking of the different body organs and systems through their specific functions in the body. The cell is a basic unit of life.

Contemporary Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary Leader - Essay Example He has genuine charm and a charismatic personality to capture his audience. His political motto â€Å"Change we can believe in† is attractive and believable and has already drawn several supporters from both the major political parties in the country – The Republicans as well as The Democrats, who advocate and promote his views and beliefs (Obama, 2008). His bipartisanship quality has the ability to bring the nation together and create a bond that would further strengthen the nation’s overall supremacy. His policies have the capability of bringing two of the nation’s biggest political parties – The Republicans and The Democrats together in terms of agreement and acceptance of his desired goals and visions. He has the required wisdom and intelligence to foresee the impact of certain political decisions, which is evident from his firm stand on the Iraq war issue. His strong leadership qualities are characterized by his exemplary vision for the nation which involves creating hope and maintaining the promises that the leaders make to the citizens of the country. His stand against the establishment on non acceptance of money, especially from special interest groups and beliefs in being upfront and ethical further strengthen his image as a leader and a visionary that America today, needs. However like several other contemporary leaders, Obama too has certain weaknesses such as lack of experience, his race, name, views on foreign policies, etc. Obama lacks largely on the experience factor. His political experience is far less than the other top tier politicians in the country. Moreover, his race might also prove to be a deterrent to probable voters, as African Americans, historically, have barely made it to the top. Also his unusual sounding name, Barack Hussein Obama, might confuse voters about his real identity and pass wrong messages raising doubts about his political

Child Protection in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Protection in School - Essay Example Safety is important to protect children from extreme pain, incapacitation, dismemberment or even death. In addition, breach of safety by supervisors, parents or (and) equipment makers can lead to legal suits for breach of safety standards. Each year, institutions of learning in Britain pay thousands of pounds to compensate injured children within school premises. For example, Gloucestershire council paid GBP 7,000 compensation to a student after a teacher accidentally injured a pupil during rugby tackle demonstration (NSPCC, 2011). Safety Safety is in everyone’s mind in the playground. As much as children require a lot of opportunities to engage in physical activities, it is important to ensure that they are safe from potential harm or injury. Dangers inherent during physical exercise include; burns, drowning, poisoning, falls, getting knocked over, cuts, breakages, dehydration, rape, beating and extreme is death. There are a number of worrying incidents where children die dur ing physical activities. Child’s serious injury during physical exercise is bad and death of a child during physical exercise is worst and unacceptable. When death in the field is reported, it sends cold shivers in people who listen and anger inhibits one’s heart. For example, according to Brighton and Hove Council, a child fell from the roof of air raid shelter when he climbed the fence to retrieve a ball. In Medway, a pupil was injured when goal post fell on him and at Cornwall; a student was injured by a ball kicked by a teacher. In addition, a child at Rotherham, South Yorkshire was hurt in the playground when another child splashed him with custard. Worst, Kyle Rees 16 year old boy at Portchester school, Bournemouth died when hit by a cricked ball on the head. Finally, a research conducted by NSPCC between 2007 and 2010 revealed that 75 percent of children were subjected to harmful treatment by coaches or their peers. Peers contribute significant portion injuries or harm experienced (NSPCC 2011). To ensure children‘s safety during physical education, teachers or guardians supervising then must be informed that children unlike adults may not be in a position to anticipate accidents or possible injuries. Therefore, it is the responsibilities and duty of adults to anticipate potential accidents and risk and prevent them from happening. According to Sportengland (n.d.), there is a safety framework that is useful in creating safe sporting environment, which prevent harm. The framework is a benchmark that is useful in making informed decisions, challenging harmful practices and promotes best safety practices. To prevent likelihood of accidents occurring, it is important to note below factors; Playgrounds need to be surrounded by handrails, fences, rubber surfaces and crash barriers to make children safe by preventing them from falling. Children need to be educated in safety measure to reduce injury risks. They also need to cover-up and gear- up during physical exercises. For example, children playing must wear helmets when riding bicycles to protect their heads from serious injury in case they fall and wear hats when playing in the sun to prevent sunburns. The people in charge with physical exercises should ensure that all sporting equipment and gears are in perfect working conditions and fitting properly. In addition, children need to shape up by preparing adequately before main physical activities to prepare their bodies and prevent them

Europe as an Optimal Currency Area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Europe as an Optimal Currency Area - Essay Example The debate about Europe as optimum currency area as an important and heated point of discussion for the economic experts and analysts and there have been different standpoints presented by the experts to regard and disregard Europe as optimum currency area. The main elements identified within the definition of optimum currency area could effectively work to decide if any region could be regarded as optimum currency area or not. Likewise, Europe could also be evaluated as an optimum currency area by looking at some specific criteria like asymmetric shocks, degree of openness, international factor mobility, labour mobility, fiscal transfer, product diversification and trade and business cycles similarities etc. (Krugman and Obsrfeld, p98) The economy and labour market of Europe has been analysed by the experts from these perspective very frequently and most of the analysis and observations have concluded with the results that Europe could not be regarded as an optimum currency area bec ause it does not completely complies with the criteria set for the OCA. However, it is also a fact that most of the economic experts and analysts believe that Europe has great potential to become an OCA and in coming few years the situation would be evolved where Europe will head to appear as an OCA (McKinnon, p173). The experts arguing against the status of Europe as OCA put forward the evidences in support of their stance. It is found that free mobility of labour within the regions of Europe is not high. The labour mobility in Europe has been recorded one third of the mobility found in United States. It implies that Europe lag behind in proving itself as area of free labour mobility. Similarly it is also found that Europe is yet to establish system for extensive and automotive intra-European fiscal transfers and currently there are not enough fiscal transfers between the European countries that it could be regarded as OCA. The existence of common currency is also an important char acteristic of optimum currency area. It is imperative that the OCA should have one central bank to manage all the monitory policies in the region and the member countries use to follow the same policy as formulated and implemented by the central bank of the region. There should be single currency with fixed exchange rate system. The launch of Euro is often cited as an evidence to prove Europe as OCA however, it is also a fact that despite the use of common currency the European countries yet to have common monitory policies and they need more time to create common fiscal and monitory policies like that of an OCA (Tavlas, p211). The degree of commodities' market integration within the union members also determines the optimum currency area. In Europe, there are some countries like Britain where there is higher level of reliance upon the export of high technology commodities whereas there is also large proportion of owner occupiers in the country links with the variable interest rates (Tavlas, p211). It implies that the market integration does not take place in similar production strategies among the members of the union but there are differences in the exports and import patterns of the countries. This trend also evident that Europe is

Munich Oktoberfest Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Munich Oktoberfest - Case Study Example the festival allows for very little expenditure on marketing activities because everyone around the world knows that this festival takes place annually. Attractive expansion strategies like the introduction of carousels, shooting, bigger tents and music kept on strengthening the festival’s roots (Press Release, 2013). It is an opportunity of trade and business for many potential brewers and other service providers because of the high number of visits per year. Organizers grant licenses to beer tent and rides operators after stringent procedures. Thus, quality control and consistency of events have made Oktoberfest a successful event. The City of Munich definitely makes money both by direct and indirect means. Direct means of money are the profits earned by conducting the event. For example, revenue generated from rents and royalties. The city has reduced all expenditures like marketing using innovative public relations strategies. It funds a poster making competition and the winning designs are used as official advertising.  Such activities not only spread good word of mouth but also promote the event across borders attracting many tourists. Munich’s Tourism is indirectly benefited through this festival because once these tourists enter the city, they require accommodation, and they go for shopping spending approximately EUR 213 per day (Alcacer et. al, 2014). The city also enjoys high rates of employment during the festival in many departments such as health, police, airlines, hospitality, food and beverages (Behrmann & Suess, 2014). According to the case, an average server of the event is expected to earn EUR 5,400 which can go up to EUR 15, 000. Thus it is a money-making opportunity for all. The city and the local public are beneficiaries of the revenues earned by the Oktoberfest. The case states that admission to tents is free of cost- if the organizers put a nominal entry fee into every tent, the profits would inflate tremendously. Moreover, the

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website Essay

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website - Essay Example The essay "Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website" discusses digital marketing strategy to be used by Fashion Antidote. Fashion Antidote Facebook page is a well-established fashion company that has many customers both in the field and in online. The group has the feeling that Fashion Antidote needs to upgrade its website and especially their Facebook page to be able to be at purr with current fashion trends. As well, with increased innovation at the fashion school, there is need to expose all these to customers so that the company can grow. This means that if Fashion Antidote Facebook page has a fashion show or unique fashion taste it wants to share, the Facebook page is the best way to share all these. Understanding the concept of digital strategy in this case is very vital if a good strategy must be developed. Digital strategy is that overall approach that a company takes after making a decision that they want to invest in online business in order to achie ve their goals. It can involve building the reputation of the business online especially with the focus of being a leader in the area of business. This can also extend to overarching digital strategy of a business in order to migrate the major sales transaction from online to offline. In the development of such a strategy, a company is required to have one major goal as opposed to numerous goals even though there is no much restriction in this. For the Fashion Antidote Facebook page is to be able to capture the latest fashion trends.

Case of law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case of law - Essay Example In 1981, the accused was convicted on eight counts by the Crown Court at Birmingham that included one count of manslaughter. Later on, the accused appealed against the conviction of manslaughter that was dismissed by the court of appeal. I strongly agree with the court's decision in this case. This agreement is based on a reasonably through understanding of the principles of causation. One basic thing about law is that it is a vibrant and continually evolving institution that is open to relative interpretations. However, it is imperative for this institution to retain a sense of stability amidst this continuity by rejecting to compromise on some fundamental concepts that include the principles of causation. The decision of the court in this case is justified in the sense that it emphatically refused to allow a relative interpretation of the basic and long standing principles of causation and reinforced the need for an adherence to the long cherished fundamentals of causation. Sine qua non or 'but for' is the fundamental limb of any causation test. This initial step in establishing causation in the given case reveals without doubt that the death of the girl would have never occurred 'but for' the situation unleashed by the appellant. Infact her death was the culmination of a long chain of events initiated and perpetuated by the appellant.

Analysis of Personal and Organizational Ethics Research Paper

Analysis of Personal and Organizational Ethics - Research Paper Example Such an analysis is done in the context of personal and organizational ethics and values between non-for profit and for profit business organizations. To drive the thesis in this particular context, Goodwill Industries International and CarHop Automobiles are used as representatives of non-for profit and for profit business respectively to address the theory of decision making on the concept of morality within the consequalism and deontogical ethical orientations. Therefore, there is general agreement that for both profit and non-profit businesses must be socially responsible in considering ethical norms set by society. (Friedman, 1988) Good Will Industries International History and Rationale for existence In 1902, Dr. Edgar J. Helms, a Methodist minister and his associates thought of an idea of establishing a non for profit organization which later saw the birth of Good Will International Industries established in Boston in the same year. The then Methodist Minister took a burlap ba g and headed straight to the wealthiest households of Boston requesting for charitable donations but not money. As people started recognizing the need for charity and giving, Dr. Edgar opened the stores and hired people occasionally when the need arose especially to assist in repairing of some of the damaged items and re-sale the donated products to convert them into monetary value. (Goodwill Industries International, 2012) Goodwill Industries International is a non for profit organization established in the year 1910 in a bid to assist individuals with disabilities, those who lack education or job experience or face challenges related to employment. Goodwill Industries achieve its program objectives through training of these identified individuals for careers inside their corporation so that they are provided with equal employment opportunities. Later in the years, Helm visited Morgan Memorial Cooperative Industries and Stores, Inc where he learned various innovative approaches tha t were used in the organization, which then inspired him to start using Morgan’s innovative approaches to doing in its programs and started a local industry at Brooklyn called â€Å"Goodwill Industries† employing improved techniques to Morgan’s business. Within the very many years that have marked its existence as a non-for profit organization, Goodwill has generated $4 billion in revenue. In his own statement Helms characterizes Goodwill as an â€Å"a multidimensional program that provides for the industrial needs as well as a social program, providing employment, training and also rehabilitating people who have limited access to employment, and replenishing resources to underprivileged persons in the social set up† (Goodwill Industries International, 2012) In the foregoing context, Goodwill Industries operates on a mission to â€Å"enhance the dignity and quality of life of individuals and families by strengthening communities, eliminating barriers to opportunity, and helping people in need reach their full potential through learning and the power of work†. According to Goodwill, 2012 webpage, the organization envisions a society â€Å"where every person has an equal opportunity to achieve his/her fullest potential and participate in and contribute in all aspects of life.† To order to achieve the aforementioned vision, Goodwill recognizes the value of respect, stewardship, ethics, learning and innovation. Rationale for existence The organization started by providing programs at Brooklyn in most lacking social service with regard to employment. However, it soon became evident that similar situations were also experienced in other parts of the country, hence forming

A research paper on the interpersonal communication topic 'Nonverbal Essay

A research paper on the interpersonal communication topic 'Nonverbal Communication' - Essay Example For thousands of years, mankind has used wordless messages to communicate thoughts, attitudes, ideas and emotions: by using gestures, posture, facial expressions, sounds and symbols, but research on this area of interpersonal communication is a comparatively new development.(Calero p.2). Scholars from the communication field have since earlier times, emphasized the need for an integrative approach towards the study of nonverbal behavior, along with verbal communication, whenever applicable. Especially in verbal communication, the nonverbal aspect of the interaction is taken into consideration. (Knapp, Weimann and Daly p.272) strengthen this view-point: â€Å"verbal and non-verbal behavior are unquestionably part and parcel of the same overall system of communication†, and separating them would result in artificiality and potential distortion of the interaction. Influences on Nonverbal Communication: According to Mary Ritchie Key, both verbal and nonverbal communication can be seen as a means of establishing self and developing a self-image in order to cope with relationships. One has to validate oneself before one can relate to others in the social paradigm.(p.4). Anderson states that the process of communicating warmth or intimacy to one another is the most central function of nonverbal communication in human interaction. The exchange of harmonious messages is of importance across a variety of relationships and contexts.(Eds. Siegman, Feldstein p.1). encodes a behavioral reaction. However, the primary emphasis of research on nonverbal communication is on explaining and predicting the encoding of behavior. Patterson reveals that the encoding and decoding processes are in a single system, driven by a common set of determinants and mediating processes. (Eds. Palmer, Barnett p.10). Harrison and Knapp (p.345) reiterate that three important aspects of nonverbal communication are: 1) A socially shared