Understanding Cultural, Ethnic and Gender Differences by Managers and Professions Essay Example for Free

Understanding Cultural, Ethnic and Gender Differences by Managers and Professions EssayIt is nearly impossible to crap a successful business without considering the important aspect of the cultural, ethnic and gender differences among the employees. Culture refers to a set of beliefs that a certain group of pot ease up in common. In at least every lap uping environment, it is more than obvious to have people having different cultures, ethnicities, and of course different genders (Carlozzi, 2004). In shape to realize that people work together and efficiently, it is highly advisable for the managers and professionals to transform these diverse cultures (Carlozzi, 2004). Most countries have different cultures, and it is possible that in any give working environment, there are many cultures that exist. It is therefore an apparent fact that there is a need in the sense of cultural, ethnic and gender differences to ensure success in businesses. Understanding cultural and ethni c differences at workplace can be termed as cultural change and not biasness as whitethorn be conceived by other critics. Cultural diversity encompasses race, gender, ethnic group, age, education and background among others.Understanding cultural and ethnic differences does not only involve how people perceive themselves, but how they perceive others. What results is that those perceptions affect the way they interact with from distributively one other at the work place (Carlozzi, 2004). For many employees to perform effectively in an organization, managers and professionals in man resource need to deal effectively with issues related to communication and adaptability and change (Carlozzi, 2004). Communication is the most basic concept of success in any business environment.If it is not properly fostered by the managers to their employees, the success of the business may be at stake. This implies that the managers and human resource professionals, should take the initiative to u nderstand the cultural values and ethnic differences so as to know how well to approach issues with the employees without collusion. From the look of things, the issue of understanding cultural differences is likely to increase significantly in the coming years. Managers and professionals in all those businesses that have succeeded have come to see the need in building an understanding of cultural differences in the work place.They are ready to spend even resources, if needs be, to manage cultural diversity. It is very beneficial in many ways, and most importantly, they help to create an understanding in the working environment. A business entitys success and competitiveness depends upon its capability to understand different cultures and ethnicities and realize the benefits involved. If a business organization actively assesses its handling of workplace diversity issues, and develops and implements diversity plans, multiple benefits can be realized (Carlozzi, 2004).One benefit is the increased adaptability of one another. Getting used to each other in a business environment is very vital in the success of the business. There will be free flow of entropy because people will be free to each other, and with perfect communication, issues will be approached in a friendly manner. Business organizations that embrace cultural diversity have the capacity to supply a greater variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources.Employees from different backgrounds bring individual talents and expertise in suggesting of ideas that are on the table in adapting to fluctuating markets and the demands of the customers. With understanding of cultural differences and ethnicities, the business organization will have a broader service range, in terns of business delivery. The presence of different cultures in a business implies that there is a collection of skills and experiences in that particular business. This allows the enterprise to provide a service to customers on global basis.The managers and professionals in human resource department will give positions to employees with regards to capacities (Carlozzi, 2004). After understanding each individuals culture, they will know where and on what field someone is solid at. This will make the business succeed because an employee will be given a position where he or she is likely to perform best. This will also reduce job burnouts which greatly lower the performance of employees. The understanding of the cultural, ethnic and gender differences will enable managers to understand different view points that their employees possess.Different cultures in the work place possess different ideas, skills and experiences. In decision making process, different ideas will be suggested which will obviously find a solution to the problem at hand. This will only be achieved if there is cultural, gender and ethnic understanding by the managers. It will be better and most palmy to communi cate varying points of view as it will provide a large pussy of ideas and experiences (Carlozzi, 2004). The business organization can now draw from that pool to meet the needs of its customers more effectively.In conclusion, it is wise to say that promoting cultural, ethnic and gender sensitivity in a business setting does not really mean promoting biasness in the business scenario as most people may try to argue. Instead, this clear understanding will take into account variations in the interactions of each employee to facilitate cooperation and communication in the business. Understanding the employees and trying to exploit their different potentials is a practice that can really benefit the business to grow to prosperity.

Male and Segmentation Base Essay Example for Free

Male and Segmentation Base EssayIntroduction In this assignment I am going to describe the node pen for each of the five target groups for product/service and explain how and why these groups are targeted. 1.Product IPhone 5Segmentation base Demographic, Psychographic/ Age, Social class, Target foodstuffTeenagers and AdultsCustomer visibility senior(a) in general between 18+, aimed at both male and womanly, medium/ high classHow/ Why targeted* Product IPhone 5, in the first place used for calling/texting or communicating with others, also used for pictures, music and downloading apps. * Place T-Mobile, Carphone warehouse, Phones4u, Tesco* Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, more people can then come about out about it and it bequeath get more popular which means that more people will be purchase is. * Price The price of IPhone 5 is from 499 5292.Product Colgate Toothpaste smilesSe gmentation base Benefit segmentation / needs, safety, esteem Target marketChildrenCustomer profile Aged mainly between 2-6 years old, aimed at both male and female person, How/ Why targeted* Product Colgate Toothpaste smiles is only used by children aged 4 to 6 as it is not a strong as adults toothpaste and it has a mild flavour.* Place Boots, Superdrugs, Tesco* Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Adults/ mothers might consider in buying it if they have young children.* Price The price of Colgate Toothpaste smiles is 1.323.Product Gucci by flora windSegmentation base Demographical, psychological/ age group, gender, enjoys shopping Target market FemalesCustomer profile Aged mainly between 16+, aimed at females. How/ Whytargeted* Product Flora by Gucci perfume is only used by females as the smell is not as strong as males perfumes.* Place Superdrugs, Boots, Pharmacies.* Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Females will be interested in buying the perfume as the brand is truly popular.* Price The price of the perfume can be between 40 to 724 .Product FordSegmentation base Psychological, Demographical / lifestyle, enjoys shopping, age group, family size, Target market young adults/ adultsCustomer profile Aged aimed at 16 and over, aimed at both males and females.How/ Why targeted* Product Ford cars are used by young adults and adults 16+ as it is culpable for anyone younger that this to be driving a car. * Place The cars can be bought from their website, Auto trader * Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people that are interested in buying a new car, can then go and visit one of their stores and buy a car. * Price There are different prices for every car it can start from 8,000 20,000 and over.5.Pro duct Disney Princess puzzlesSegmentation base Demographic, psychological / activities, interest, hobbies, age group, gender.Target market female childrenCustomer profile Aged mainly between 4 5 Years old, aimed at females.How/ Why targeted* Product Disney Princess puzzles is only used by female children aged 4 to 5.* Place Argos and WHSmith* Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, parents and guardians might be interested in buying something for entertainment for their child or for a present. * Price The price of the puzzles can be different depending on the size, but it will be around 5 to 10.Business-to-business marketCostco to Corner shops6.Product Coca ColaSegmentation base Geographical region, area of the country, cityTarget market males and femalesCustomer profile Aged mainly between 10+, aimed at males and females.How/ Why targeted* Product Coca-Cola* Place Corner shops could buy stacks of C oca-Cola from Costco as it is cheaper to buy it from there. * Promotion This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people are more likely to go to Costco and buy it from there as it will be more cost efficient. * Price 1 bottle of Coca Cola is 1.99 at Corner shops, whereas if they go to Costco they will spend less as there will be 8 bottles of 1/2 litre for only 6.25Wilkinsfoods to Tesco7.Product EggsSegmentation base Geographical region, area of the country, cityTarget market males and femalesCustomer profile any ages, aimed at males and females.How/ Why targeted* Product Eggs* Place Tesco* Promotion This product can be promoted through their website, leaflets and radio. By promoting this product, people will find out about this farm, and Tesco might consider in buying their eggs as they cheap. * Price It depends on how many eggs the organisation wants Small, medium, large and very large and come as standard p acked into keyes trays (15 dozen outers or 30 dozen outers).Conclusion In this assignment I have exposit the customer profile for each of the five target groups for product/service of Tescos and Car manufacturer and have explained how and why these groups are targeted.

Features Of Grices Cooperative Principle

Features Of Grices conjunct beliefIt was in 1975 when Herbert Paul Grice announced one of his most famous and influential papers Logic and Conversation including the Cooperative dogma with its Conversational maxims. This paper targets at introducing the Cooperative prescript as well as alternative dogmas which have been developed as a response to Grices efforts. make up if the founders of these alternative conventions take Grices rule as a basis they have been criticizing it in arrange to refine his notions and ideas of how human communication works (Herbst 2010 268). Taking the Cooperative Principle as the initial point of this paper in that location will be an introduction of Grices principle at archetypal. In a further timber the paper will provide an outline of the alternative principles in a chronological order as they were published. The final chapter is concerned with a conclusion base on current research as well there will follow an evaluation by taking into a ccount how the views on Grices Cooperative principle changed over time.2. Main features of Grices Cooperative PrincipleAccording to Grice human talk deputises be rational because while speaking we connect our remarks and if we would not do so they would not be rational (cf. Grice 1975 45). hence talk exchanges are not usu anyy just a collection of context-free and separate sentences (cf. Grice 1975 45). Grice describes them further as conjunct efforts in which for each one participant shadower recognize to more or less extent a common purpose or a set of purposes or sort of a mutually accepted direction (Grice 1975 45). Furthermore he mentions that this purpose or direction whitethorn be fixed from the start, or it may produce during the exchange (Grice 1975 45). Here it is not incumbent if the direction of the talk exchange is established from the beginning on or if it is developing during the conversation because at each stage of the conversation there will be some possi ble conversational moves which would be excluded as conversationally inappropriate (Grice 197545). Due to these conversationally unsuitable moves Grice (1975 45) was the first who tried to delineate in a general principle the mechanisms by which people interpret conversational implicature (doubting Thomas 1995 61). This general principle is called the Cooperative Principle and it is expected to be distinguishd by all participants of a talk exchange (cf. Grice 1975 45). The Cooperative Principle according to Grice (1975 45) is defined in the following representation Make your conversational component part such as is undeniable, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. The Cooperative Principle is followed by four Conversational precepts which are divided into the categories Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner (Grice 1975 45).1These Conversational Maxims roughly put the guidelines in words on which we orientate our communicative behavior or rather as Levinson rephrases them in his work Pragmatics as the maxims specify what participants have to do in order to converse in a maximally efficient, rational, co-operative way they should speak sincerely, pertinently and clearly, while providing sufficient information (Levinson 1983 102). In Logic and Conversation Grice (cf. 1975 45-f.) lists the maxims in the following wayThe Maxim of Quantity- relates to the quantity of information to be provided, and under it fall the following maxims 1. Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purposes of the exchange). 2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.The Maxim of Quality- under the category of Quality fall a supermaxim -Try to make your contribution one that is true- and two more specific maxims1. Do not say what you believe to be false. 2. Do not say that for which you lack equal to(predicate) evidence.The Maxim of Relation under the category of Relation Grice places a single maxim, namely Be relevant.The Maxim of Manner under the category of Manner Grice understands them as relating not (like the previous categories) to what is said but rather, to HOW what is said to be said. The Maxim of Manner includes the supermaxim Be perspicuous and various maxims such as 1. re turn on obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity. 3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). 4. Be orderly.As Grice indicates further in his paper a participant in a talk exchange may fail to fulfill a maxim (Grice 1975 49). Thus, there are situations in which a participant is not able to stick to the maxims listed above. The four possible shipway of non- sight the maxims mentioned by Grice (cf. Grice 1975 49) will be listed in the following and after that there will follow one example for each type of non-observance in order to examine the failure(1) A participant in a talk exchange may quietly and unostentatiously VIOLATE a maxim if so, in some cases he will be liable to mislead.(2) A loudspeaker may OPT OUT from the operation both of the maxim and the CP he may say, indicate, or allow it to become plain that he is unwilling to cooperate in the way the maxims requires.(3) A speaker may be faced by a CLASH He may be unable, for example, to fulfill the first maxim of Quantity (Be as informative as is required) without violating the second maxim of Quality (Have adequate evidence for what you say).(4) A participant may FLOUT a maxim that is, he may blatantly fail to fulfill it. On the assumption that the speaker is able to fulfill the maxim and to do so without violating another maxim , is not opting out, and is not, in view of the blatancy of his performance, act to mislead This situation is one that characteristically gives rise to a conversational implicature and when a conversational implicature is generated in this way, I shall say that a maxim is being exploited.According to the first type of non-observance (1 ) it world power be useful to add as it is pointed out in Meaning in Interaction that many commentators incorrectly use the term violate for all forms of non-observance of the maxims (Thomas 1995 72). But nevertheless Grice defines violation very specifically as the unostentatious non-observance of a maxim (Thomas 1995 72). To clarify the phenomena of violating a maxim the following example as it is mentioned by Thomas might be helpful An English athlete was pulled out of her race and returned to England. A press officer for the England team said She has a family bereavement her grandmother has died. (1995 73). The following day it was proclaimed that the athlete had to leave because of a positive drug test (cf. Thomas 1995 73). Nevertheless the statement of the press officer was true, but the implicature which was the reason of the English athletes returning home was not true as it is explained in Thomas (cf. 1995 73). The second type of non-observing (2) means that a participant of talk exchange opts out of the conversation because he does not behave in the way as it is prescribed by the Conversational Maxims or rather the participant does so to express unwillingness (Thomas 1995 74). Therefore Thomas elaborates these kinds of non-observing are typically for general figures as they cannot, perhaps for legal or honourable reason, reply in the way expected (Thomas 1995 74). Relating to this Grice introduces the following example I cannot say more my lips are sealed (Grice 1975 49) or an instance for a public figures response would be No comment. The third possible type in falling to fulfill the maxims is given when the speaker is faced by a concussion (3) due to a conflict of two or rather of more maxims. Consequently in this situation a speaker is not able to observe the maxims. Aiming at illustrating this specific situation of incompatibility the instance given by Grice (cf. 1975 51-f.) in his work might be helpful For their vacation in France A is plan ning with B a route considering the point that both of them are aware of that A wants to meet his friend C. Furthermore Grice mentions that the meeting would not think too great prolongation of their journey (cf. Grice 1975 51) and additionally to these background information he introduces that A is asking Where does C live? and B answers Somewhere in the South of France. (Grice 1975 51). This clash can be explained by taking into account that B does not provide too much information as A wishes to get (cf. Grice 1975 51). By providing too little information B is obviously not observing the first maxim of Quantity (cf. Grice 1975 51) and this explains Grice by supposing that B is aware that to be more informative would be to say something that infringed the maxim of Quality, Dont say what you lack adequate evidence for (Grice 1975 51-f.). Thus, B acts as if he does not know exactly where C lives (cf. Grice 1975 52). The fourth type of an infringement of a maxim is expressed by fl outing a maxim (4) as stated in Thomas the most important category by far because it generates an implicature (1995 64). By generating an implicature on purpose the speaker is aware of doing so. Plausible reasons therefore might be that the speaker does not want to provide too little or rather too much information than the situation demands (Thomas 1995 65). The latter is given in the succeeding example as in Thomas (1995 66) A is asking B about a mutual friends new(a) boyfriend A Is he courteous? B She seems to like him. In the foregoing example B does not observe the maxim of Quantity by providing a less informative response to As question as it is described in Thomas (1995 66).3. Alternative Principles to the Cooperative PrincipleAs the introduction of this paper previously indicated the Cooperative Principle has not been set free from critiques and thus it is not surprising that there exist suggestions for improvement or rather that there are alternative principles which will be presented in this chapter.3.1 The politeness Principle by Geoffrey LeechAccording to Geoffrey Leech there is a lack in Grices Cooperative Principle relating to the level of relationship while communicating because as the CP only refers to the content level as it is described in Bublitz (2009 209). Moreover one could infer that the aspect of discretion is missing. Especially politeness is absolutely obligatory for Leech to answer the question why people are often so indirect in conveyance of title what they mean and in addition he is convinced that the Politeness Principle is not just another principle to be added to the CP, but is a necessary complement, which rescues the CP from serious trouble (Leech 1983 80). The Politeness Principle is expressed in Principles of Pragmatics as follows Minimize (other things being equal) the expression of impolite beliefs Maximzie (other things being equal) the expression of polite beliefs (Leech 1983 81). To the Politeness Principle are six maxims added which tend to go in pairs (Leech 1983 132). In the following these six maxims (cf. Leech 1983 132-36) will be listed and will be explained short below.2(1) The Tact Maxim Minimize cost to other maximize benefit to other.(2) The Generosity Maxim Minimize benefit to egotism Maximize cost to self.(3) The acclaim Maxim Minimize dispraise of other maximize praise of other.(4) The Modesty Maxim Minimize praise of self maximize dispraise of self.(5) The Agreement Maxim Minimize disagreement between self and other maximize agreement between self and other.(6) The Sympathy Maxim Minimize antipathy between self and other maximize sympathy between self and other.In accordance with Thomas the Tact Maxim (1) contains three different components (1995 160-f.). Firstly the size of imposition, secondly the mitigation of the effort of a request by offering optionality and finally the cost/benefit scale (cf. Thomas 1995160-f.). The size of imposition refers to the way of how a speaker can make use of minimizer in order to belittle the implied cost to the hearer as it is in the example Ive got a bit of hassle (Thomas 1995 161). By the second component Leech means that the speaker should always give options or at least giving the appearance of allowing options (Thomas 1995 161). As the brave out aspect is the cost/benefit scale, it implies the speaker is able to express an utterance politely without employing indirectness if it is to the hearers benefit as shown in the following example Have a chocolate (Thomas 1995 161). Instancing the Generosity Maxim (2) by the sentences You must come and have dinner with us and We must come and have dinner with you Leech (1983 133) states that the first is regarded as polite whereas the latter sentence is more impolite. To the Approbation Maxim (3) Leech predicates that the speaker should avoid saying unpleasant things about others (1983 135) and thus it would be considered as very impolite to remark What an awful meal you cooked whereas What a marvelous meal you cooked would be regarded as very polite manners (Leech 1983 135). alter extremely in its application from culture to culture one has to take into account that the Modesty Maxim (4) in Japan is more powerful than it is as a rule in English-speaking societies (Thomas 1995 163). For instance the reaction to a compliment differs as English would accept it pleasantly whereas Japanese would deny it in a modest way (cf. Leech 1983 137). Second last the Agreement Maxim (5) implies that it is natural to emphasize agreement directly whereas people tend to diminish disagreement by expressing regret (Leech 1983 138). With the Sympathy Maxim (6) Leech examines why congratulations and condolences are courteous speech acts, even though condolences express beliefs which are negative (138). As it was mentioned at the beginning of the chapter Leech takes the view that the Politeness Principle is supposed to collaborate with, and even rescue, the Cooperative P rinciple and its associated maxims (Mey 20781). If this supposition can vindicate will be shown in the conclusion chapter.3.2 The Q- and R- Principle by Laurence HornHorn rethinks Grices Cooperative Principle but nevertheless his model keeps relevance within the general framework of Gricean theory (Mey 2007 82). Horns Q- and R-Principle consists of two principles. Namely, the Q- Principle (Q for quantity), telling us to say as much as we can and the R-Principle (R for relation), which says that we should say no more than we must (Mey 2007 84). Additionally the Q-Principle is hearer-based and it compromises the first half of the Gricean maxim of Quantity (Mey 2007 84) whereas the speaker-based R-principle includes the second half of the quantity maxim plus the maxims of manner and relation (Mey 2007 84). Furthermore the Q- and R- principle is concerned with the problem that there exist two kinds of utterances. On the one hand there are utterances which have a clear and unambiguous essence (Mey 2007 83) whereas on the other hand there are utterances which need to be interpreted by the hearer. Taking the following sentence as an example for observing the R-principle I cut a experience yesterday (Mey 2007 83). Thus one can come to the conclusion that the finger is mine and not a finger of someone else. Contrary to this is the sentence Wilfred is meeting a woman tonight for dinner (Mey 2007 83). The previous phrase invoke the Q-Principle in order to establish the fact that it is not his wife or regular girlfriend hes seeing (Mey 2007 84). Basically as Grundy states Horn argues that Grices maxims can be subsumed within two principles (Grundy 2008 110) and deductive he tries to simplify Grices maxim by reducing them.3.3 Relevance Theory by Dan Sperber and Deirdre WilsonThe Relevance Theory by Dan Sperber and Deidre Wilson is considered to be a cognitive theory of human communication (Yus 2006 512) as well as a minimalist theory of communication (Mey 2007 85). Name ly their Relevance Theory is based exclusively on the Principle of Relevance (Mey 2007 85) which operates as follows (cf. Bublitz 2009 211)Every act of ostensive communication communicates a presumption of its own optimal relevance. (a) The set of assumptions I which the communicator intends to make manifest to the addressee is relevant enough to make it worth the addressees while to process the ostensive stimulus. (b) The ostensive stimulus is the most relevant one the communicator could have used to communicate I.Thus in order to communicate successfully relevance is obligatory (Mey 2007 85). The former term of Relevance is explicated by Sperber and Wilson as assumption is relevant in a context if and only if it has some contextual effect in that context (1995 122). As Relevance Theory was first published in 1986 there exist many updated versions of it. The following description of Relevance Theory refers to the one given by Bublitz (2009 211-f.). Contrary to Mey Bublitz depicts R elevance Theory as a new approach than rather as a shortened adaption to Grices Cooperative Principle (cf. Bublitz 2009 211). Furthermore the Relevance Theory operates on a cost-benefit-principle which implies that human beings are trying to achieve a great increase of knowledge by avoiding too big effort in interpreting their talk exchange partners utterance (cf. Bublitz 2009 211). Consequently it is important that there is a balance between the given information and act of interpreting it (cf. Bublitz 2009 211).4. Conclusion based on current research5. bibliographical ReferencesBublitz, Wolfram. 2009. Englische Pragmatik Eine Einfhrung. 2nd edition. Berlin Schmidt.Grice, Herbert P. 1975. Logic and Conversation. In Syntax and Semantics 3 Speech Acts, Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan (eds), 41-58. newborn York Academic Press.Grundy, Peter. 2008. Doing Pragmatics. 3rd edition. London Hodder Education.Herbst, Thomas. 2010. English Linguistics A Coursebook for Students of English. Berl in De Gruyter Mouton.Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London Longman.Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge CUP.Lindblom, Kenneth. 2006. Cooperative Principle Encyclopedia of Language Linguistics 2nd edition, 176-183. Amsterdam Elsevier.Lumsden, David. 2008. Kinds of Conversational Cooperation. Journal of Pragmatics 40 1896-1908. (Seiten stimmen nicht, authors manuscript, da nicht verfgbar)Mey, Jacbob L. 2007. Pragmatics An Introduction. 2nd edition. Oxford Blackwell.Pfister, Jonas. 2010. Is there a need for a maxim of politeness? Journal of Pragmatics 42 (Issue 5) 1266-1282.Sperber, Dan Deidre Wilson. 1995. Relevance Communication and Cognition. 2nd edition. Oxford Blackwell.Tannen, Deborah. 2011. Thats not what I meant How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York Harper. Thomas, Jenny. 1995. Meaning in Interaction An Introduction to Pragmatics. London Longman.Yus, F. 2006. Relevance Theory. In Encyclopedia of Language Linguistics 2nd edition, 512-523. Amsterdam Elsevier.

The Beast, The Lord Of The Flies Essay

The Beast, The Lord Of The Flies EssayIn Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the use of symbolism is revealed through thoughts and feelings the boys nourish while being strand on the island. The use of symbols such as the shits wellspring, the beast, grosss specs, the island and the use of masks, allows the actor to reveal how humans allow their ability for unfairness to take everyplace and control their life. The pigs drift is one key symbol in Lord of the Flies that is involved in the naming of the novel. Descriptions of the slaughtered animals head on a spear is graphic and frightening. The pigs head is described as undefined-eyed, grinning faintly, blood blackening between the teeth, and is covered with a black blob of flies that tickled under his nostrils (138). The reader becomes aware of the atrocious and darkness symbolized by the Lord of the Flies with this image. When Simon speaks with the lifeless, devil-like object, the source of evil is revealed. Simon lear ns that the beast, that frightened the other boys on the island, is not an outside force. The head of the slain pig tells him, image thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? (p. 143). The evil is symbolized by the pigs head. Simon faints after looking at the pig and seeing inkiness within, a blackness that spread (p. 144). Evil had taken over, it was everywhere.The beast is used as a main symbol in this novel. In the imaginations of many of the boys, the beast is the source of evil on the island. Life on the island got worse as the evil there within each one of them became stronger. Simon realizes this before his meeting with the Lord of the Flies. During an argument over the reality of a beast, he shares his belief with the others. Simon tells them, Maybe, maybe there is a beast maybe its only us (p. 89). The other boys immediately begin to plead more fiercely in response to Simons thoughts. The crowd gives a wild whoop when Ja ck scolds Ralph, saying If theres a beast, well hunt it down healthful c retire in and beat and beat and beat (p. 91). Their fear of the beast and desire to kill it shows how strong the hold societys rules at one time had over them has been lost during their period on the island.The evil within the boys has more effect on their survival as they spend more time on the island, and this decline is reflected by Piggys specs. Piggy represents civilization and the rules, from which the other boys have been separated. As Piggy loses his ability to see, the other boys also lose their vision of that civilization. Piggy can clearly see with both lenses of his spectacles intact, and the boys are still fairly civilized at the start of the story. An example, at the first meeting, the boys decide that they cant have everybody talking at once they have to have hands up like at school (p. 33). After some time passes, the hunters become more concerned with slaughtering a pig than with being rescu ed. They return from a successful hunt in the jungle chanting Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood, (p. 69). Piggy and Ralph attempt to explain to the hunters that having vegetable marrow to eat is not as important as keeping the signal fire burning. During a fight, Jack purposely knocks Piggys specs from his face, smashing one of the lenses greatly diminishing his vision.After Jack forms his own tribe of savages, he and two of his followers ambush Ralph, Piggy, and Samneric. In the middle of this ambush Piggys specs are stolen, sledding him virtually blind. In the mean time, Jack goes back to Castle Rock, trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement (p. 168), as he has discarded all ties to civilized life. lift ruthless nature and attitude cause his lapse into complete savagery. He enjoys the feeling of being feared by those around him. It was like he fed transfer of it and it made him even more evil.The island is taken up by the jungle, which shows the decline of ci vilization. Since the jungle is the home of the beast, it also symbolizes the darkness present in humans that is able-bodied of ruling their lives. This evil spreads to almost every boy on the island, just as in the jungle, darkness poured out, submerging the ways between the trees till they were dim and strange as the bottom of the sea (p. 57). The experiences the boys undergo on the island expose them to the evil that lies beneath their civilized surface. The experiences affect them mentally and physically to the point where they lose their identities.The symbolic use of masks demonstrates the collapse of the boys way of life. When covered by masks the hunters have different personalities. They forget the civilized behaviors that once controlled them and now they have given in to their natural desires and urges. Jack paints his face to his liking and suddenly becomes a savage. He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling (p. 64). At home, Jack would not have behaved in this manner, but behind the mask, Jack feels free to behave like the devil.Lord of the Flies reflects the darkness that has the ability to awaken the evil beast from within. The author uses symbols that illustrate this theme of darkness throughout the novel. In Lord of the Flies, the symbols are important to the storys ideas and theme.

Jimi Hendrix :: essays research papers

Jimi Hendrix Reflections of the Man Through the Development of His Albums James McGuire UWC 4, Hampton November 4, 1996 On November 27, 1942,Jimi Hendrix was born as John Allen Hendrix in upper-case letter at Seattle General Hospital. His childhood was not a privileged unity, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way Jimi loved to play the guitar. At first he played an old acoustic, and later a cheap Silvertone electric, which were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits (Murray 34- 5) . As a teenager, young Jimi listened to the music which affected his music so greatly later everyone from Buddy Holly to Muddy Waters and by means of chow chow Berry way back to Eddie Cochrane (Wilmer 38). He played in a few bands in high school, but because dropped out before his of age(p) year. After working as a laborer for a few months, Jimi decided that he was not destined for that line of work, so in 1959, he enlisted into the 101st Airborne (Murray 36). Jimis parents were of mixed descent, with Jimis family tree had whites, blacks, and Cherokee Indians. Jimi never denied his ethnic diversity, but rather accepted his diversity and publicly allowed it to show through in his music. Jimi said it best in If 6 was 9 on Axis Bold As Love when he said Im gonna cockle my freak flag high. Hendrix first forays into professional music came after he received his honorable discharge from service in the summer of 1962 (Murray 36). His background in R&B, a type of music dominated by black artists at that time, led him to play with many R&B singers from the time, such as Little Richard, King Curtis, Joey Dee and the Starliters, the Isley Brothers, and many others (Murray 38-42). The development of his own style of music, which would later be displayed at various stages of its evolution in his four completed studio apartment albums, came from an amalgamation of his intimate familiarity with the blues, ethnic background, the ye ars he spent as an R&B sideman, and his exposure to new musical styles and scenes. The development of Hendrix music to our new perception of it occurred after his move to New York City and the formation of Jimmy James and the Blue Flames, where a young producer named Chas Chandler discovered his act, which by then included Hendrix famous playing with his teeth and behind his back.

The Usage of Landscape in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Mary Shelley Frankenstein Essays Papers

The Usage of Landscape in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein When reading Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, I was struck by how Mary makes enforce of the landscape to parallel original Frankensteins shifting mental condition. In the story, Victor Frankenstein is an overly ambitious scientist whose curious tinkle with alchemy leads him to create a large monster and ultimately compromised Frankensteins own destruction. After Frankenstein created his monster and witnessed the horror that was his own making, he is traumatized in a awed state of mind, which leads him to isolate himself from the outside world. Frankensteins top executive to create life from dead body parts proves to be so extreme and so immoral that slide fastener in society seems to be qualified to encompass such an enormous feat, not even Frankenstein himself after he finished his creation. Thus, because of his inability to accept the position that he has successfully brought something so wild to life, Frankenstein takes his dark secret and retreats within himself. Frankensteins self-discovered power is so great that it successfully disassociates him from all the things he has once held god-fearing in his life, such as family and the exquisite familiar landscapes. From here on, Frankenstein can only identify with big, immense, sublime landscapes because these are the only landscapes extreme enough to go along what Victor is feeling inside. From the time Frankenstein created his monster, he finds little comfort in the beauty of nature. One passage that I find particularly striking was when Victor exclaimed, Dear mountains My own beautiful lake How do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? (106). It is as if Victor is pique by the beauty and phlegm of the landscape simply because it conflicts with the inner turmoil he is feeling inside. He continues through and through the story to pass thr ough many beautiful and majestic scenes with eyes fixed and unobserving and shunning the face of man all sounds of joy or complacency being agonising to him solitude being his only consolation -- deep, dark, death-like solitude (210). One probable reason why he finds beautiful, peaceful scenes offensive can be found in the passage where Victor laments, Nothing is more than painful to the human mind, than, after the feelings have been worked up by a quick succession of events, the dead calmness of inaction and certainty which follows, and deprives the soul both(prenominal) of hope and fear (127).The Usage of Landscape in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Mary Shelley Frankenstein Essays PapersThe Usage of Landscape in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein When reading Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, I was struck by how Mary makes use of the landscape to parallel Victor Frankensteins shifting mental condition. In the story, Victor Frankenstein is an overly ambitious scientist whose curious tinkling with alchemy leads him to create a giant monster and ultimately compromised Frankensteins own destruction. After Frankenstein created his monster and witnessed the horror that was his own making, he is traumatized in a painful state of mind, which leads him to isolate himself from the outside world. Frankensteins power to create life from dead body parts proves to be so extreme and so immoral that nothing in society seems to be able to encompass such an enormous feat, not even Frankenstein himself after he finished his creation. Thus, because of his inability to accept the fact that he has successfully brought something so grotesque to life, Frankenstein takes his dark secret and retreats within himself. Frankensteins self-discovered power is so great that it successfully disassociates him from all the things he has once held dear in his life, such as family and the beautiful familiar landscapes. From here on, Frankenstein can only identify with big, immense, sublime landscapes beca use these are the only landscapes extreme enough to communicate what Victor is feeling inside. From the time Frankenstein created his monster, he finds little comfort in the beauty of nature. One passage that I find particularly striking was when Victor exclaimed, Dear mountains My own beautiful lake How do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? (106). It is as if Victor is offended by the beauty and calmness of the landscape simply because it conflicts with the inner turmoil he is feeling inside. He continues through the story to pass through many beautiful and majestic scenes with eyes fixed and unobserving and shunning the face of man all sounds of joy or complacency being torturous to him solitude being his only consolation -- deep, dark, death-like solitude (210). One probable reason why he finds beautiful, peaceful scenes offensive can be found in the passage where Vi ctor laments, Nothing is more painful to the human mind, than, after the feelings have been worked up by a quick succession of events, the dead calmness of inaction and certainty which follows, and deprives the soul both of hope and fear (127).

Enhancing Positive Thinking Essay -- Social Work

This inquiry pass on include a pilot intervention political program called Think Positive-Live Positive (TPLP), for young teens alongside with parental involvement, which will ingestion cognitive behavioral techniques to teach children to identify the negative aspects of various situations and adjust successfully. The conception will be to help children modify their thoughts, focus on the positive perspectives of each event, and cope with negativity using positive and adaptable solutions. In addition, the intervention program will teach parents how to interact better with their children, and aims to make them good and understanding coaches. To measure childrens positivity, and negativity, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) will be used ahead of the intervention and at the end to compare results. The theoretical and CBT activities that this intervention program will use are from a research based self-help book What to Do When You Grumble Too Much - A Kids Guide to Overcoming Negativity by Huebner (PhD). Additional CBT exercises will be used for more(prenominal) results input and for children to gain a better understanding of the learned skills. The purpose of this intervention is to investigate whether the children and parents participating will enjoy, meaningfully discuss amongst them, and understand how to use these skills to help them. In this pilot intervention, three children (11-13 year-old) and one or both parents of each child will voluntary participate in a 6 hourly TPLP intervention sessions, 2 times per week, over a period of 4 weeks. The sessions will include PowerPoint presentations with audio and vivid illustrations, interactive and guided exercises, discussions and fare using the learned skills.Considering todays fast moving li... ...nal of Excellence, 7, 54-66.Gillham, J.E, & Reivich, K.J. (2007). The Penn Resiliency Program Curriculum. University of Pennsylvania.Huebner, D. (2007). What to Do When You Grumble Too Much - A Kids Guide to Overcoming Negativity. Washington, DC Magnitation press.Orlick, T. (2001). Nurturing positive-living skills for children Feeding the nitty-gritty and soul of humanity. ledger of Excellence.Partridge & Orlick (2008). Positive Living Skills for Teenagers A Youth Intervention. Journal of Performance Education.Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things Parent-adolescent relations in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research in Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19.Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988b). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 10631070.